Amatya Bhasker, Khan Fary
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Ann Rehabil Med. 2023 Aug;47(4):237-260. doi: 10.5535/arm.23071. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
With the increasing frequency of disasters and the significant upsurge of survivors with severe impairments and long-term disabling conditions, there is a greater focus on the importance of rehabilitation in disaster management. During disasters, rehabilitation services confront a greater load due to the influx of victims, management of persons with pre-existing disabilities and chronic conditions, and longer-term care continuum. Despite robust consensus amongst the international disaster response and management community for the rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management process, rehabilitation is still less prioritised. Evidence supports the early involvement of rehabilitation professionals in disaster response and management for minimising mortality and disability, and improving clinical outcomes and participation in disaster survivors. In the last two decades, there have been substantial developments in disaster response/management processes including the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative, which provides a standardized structured plan to provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. However, rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed and/or implemented in many disaster-prone countries. Strong leadership and effective action from national and international bodies are required to strengthen national rehabilitation capacity (services and skilled workforce) and empower international and local EMTs and health services for comprehensive disaster management in future calamities. This narrative review highlights the role of rehabilitation and current developments in disaster rehabilitation; challenges and key future perspectives in this area.
随着灾害发生频率的增加以及严重损伤和长期致残状况幸存者数量的显著上升，灾害管理中康复的重要性受到了更多关注。在灾害期间，由于受灾者涌入、对已有残疾和慢性病患者的管理以及长期护理连续性，康复服务面临更大的负担。尽管国际灾害应对和管理界就包含康复的灾害管理过程已达成强烈共识，但康复仍未得到足够重视。有证据表明，康复专业人员早期参与灾害应对和管理可降低死亡率和残疾率，并改善灾害幸存者的临床结局和参与度。在过去二十年中，灾害应对/管理过程有了重大进展，包括世界卫生组织紧急医疗队（EMT）倡议，该倡议提供了一个标准化的结构化计划，以便在灾害期间提供有效和协调的护理。然而，许多易受灾国家尚未制定和/或实施包含康复的灾害管理计划。需要国家和国际机构发挥强有力的领导作用并采取有效行动，以加强国家康复能力（服务和技术劳动力），并使国际和当地的紧急医疗队及卫生服务机构有能力在未来灾害中进行全面的灾害管理。本叙述性综述强调了康复的作用以及灾害康复的当前进展；该领域的挑战和未来关键展望。
