Institute for Environmental Engineering and Geosciences (CNR) Area della Ricerca CNR, via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, 00016 Rome, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2012 Oct;32(10):1945-51. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.008. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
The aim of this paper is the recovery of manganese and zinc from a mixture of zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries, containing 40.9% of Mn and 30.1% of Zn, after preliminary physical treatment followed by removal of mercury. Separation of the metals has been carried out on the basis of their different boiling points, being 357°C and 906°C the boiling point of mercury and zinc and 1564°C the melting point of Mn(2)O(3). Characterization by chemical analysis, TGA/DTA and X-ray powder diffraction of the mixture has been carried out after comminution sieving and shaking table treatment to remove the anodic collectors and most of chlorides contained in the mixture. The mixture has been roasted at various temperatures and resident times in a flow of air to set the best conditions to remove mercury that were 400°C and 10 min. After that, the flow of air has been turned into a nitrogen one (inert atmosphere) and the temperatures raised, thus permitting the zinc oxide to be reduced to metallic zinc by the carbon present in the original mixture and recovered after volatilization as a high grade concentrate, while manganese was left in the residue. The recovery and the grade of the two metals, at 1000°C and 30 min residence time, were 84% and 100% for zinc and 85% and 63% for manganese, respectively. The recovery of zinc increased to 99% with a grade of 97% at 1200°C and 30 min residence time, while the recovery and grade of manganese were 86% and 87%, respectively, at that temperature. Moreover, the chlorinated compounds that could form by the combustion of the plastics contained in the spent batteries, are destroyed at the temperature required by the process.
本文的目的是从锌-碳和碱性废电池的混合物中回收锰和锌，该混合物经过初步的物理处理，去除汞后，含有 40.9%的 Mn 和 30.1%的 Zn。基于它们不同的沸点，对金属进行了分离，汞和锌的沸点分别为 357°C 和 906°C，而 Mn(2)O(3)的熔点为 1564°C。对混合物进行粉碎筛分和摇床处理，去除阳极集电器和混合物中大部分的氯化物，然后对其进行化学分析、TGA/DTA 和 X 射线粉末衍射分析。在空气流中以不同的温度和停留时间对混合物进行焙烧，以确定最佳的除汞条件，即 400°C 和 10 分钟。然后，空气流被切换为氮气（惰性气氛），温度升高，从而使原始混合物中存在的碳将氧化锌还原为金属锌，并在蒸发后作为高品位精矿回收，而锰则留在残渣中。在 1000°C 和 30 分钟的停留时间下，两种金属的回收率和品位分别为锌 84%和 100%，锰 85%和 63%。在 1200°C 和 30 分钟的停留时间下，锌的回收率提高到 99%，品位为 97%，而锰的回收率和品位分别为 86%和 87%。此外，废电池中所含塑料燃烧产生的氯化化合物在该工艺所需的温度下被破坏。
