School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India.
Nutrition. 2013 Jan;29(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.003. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
Diabetic macular edema and retinopathy are low-grade inflammatory conditions. Infusions of antitumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) antibody and antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody have been shown to be at least partly effective in the treatment of diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal therapy of diabetic macular edema by the anti-TNF-α antibody has been found to produce significant side effects and anti-VEGF therapy to be ineffective. Nevertheless, these studies have indicated that the suppression of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF could be of benefit in diabetic macular edema and retinopathy. The retina is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in ω-3, and several studies have shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent diabetic retinopathy. Lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins derived from various polyunsaturated fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory actions and suppress the production of interleukin-6, and TNF-α and VEGF have antiangiogenic actions. In view of these evidences, I propose that lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins could be of significant benefit in the prevention and management of diabetic macular edema and retinopathy.
糖尿病性黄斑水肿和视网膜病变是低度炎症状态。抗肿瘤坏死因子-α（抗 TNF-α）抗体和抗血管内皮生长因子（抗 VEGF）抗体的输注已被证明至少部分有效治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿和增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变。已发现抗 TNF-α抗体的玻璃体内治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿会产生显著的副作用，而抗 VEGF 治疗则无效。尽管如此，这些研究表明抑制 TNF-α和其他促炎细胞因子和 VEGF 可能对糖尿病性黄斑水肿和视网膜病变有益。视网膜富含多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是 ω-3，几项研究表明多不饱和脂肪酸可预防糖尿病性视网膜病变。脂氧素、解析素和保护素衍生自各种多不饱和脂肪酸，具有抗炎作用，可抑制白细胞介素-6、TNF-α 和 VEGF 的产生，具有抗血管生成作用。鉴于这些证据，我提出脂氧素、解析素和保护素可能对预防和管理糖尿病性黄斑水肿和视网膜病变有重要作用。
