Localized gastric cancer treated with chemoradation without surgery: UTMD Anderson Cancer Center experience.

BACKGROUND

In patients with localized gastric cancer (LGC) who are unfit for surgery, decline surgery, or have unresectable cancer, chemoradiotherapy may provide palliation; however, data in the literature are sparse.

METHODS

We identified 66 LGC patients who had definitive chemoradiation but no surgery. All patients had baseline and postchemoradiation staging including an endoscopic biopsy. Multiple statistical methods were used to analyze outcomes.

RESULTS

Most patients were men and most had stage III or IV cancer. Five patients were surgery eligible but declined to have surgery. The median follow-up time was 33.9 months (95% CI 18.3-49.6). The median survival time (MST) for 66 patients was only 14.5 months (95% CI 10.8-19.7) and the median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 5.03 months (95% CI 4.67-6.40). The estimated overall survival (OS) and RFS rates at 3 years were 22.6% (95% CI 13.7-37.3) and 7.7% (95% CI 3.2-18.6), respectively. Twenty-three (35%) patients who achieved a clinical complete response (cCR; negative postchemoradiation biopsy and no progression by imaging) fared better than those who achieved less than cCR (<cCR) [cCR: MST 30.7 months (95% CI 20.4-NA); <cCR: MST 10.6 months (95% CI 8.43-14.9); p < 001]. In multivariate analysis, cCR was the only independent prognosticator for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.32, p < 0.0012] and RFS (HR = 0.12, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Our data demonstrate that in the absence of surgery, outcomes with definitive chemoradiation are only modest. A third of the patients achieved cCR and had a longer OS and RFS than those who achieved <cCR.