Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Aug 1;95(3):269-80. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs187. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
The nucleotide adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has classically been considered the cell's primary energy currency. Importantly, a novel role for ATP as an extracellular autocrine and/or paracrine signalling molecule has evolved over the past century and extensive work has been conducted to characterize the ATP-sensitive purinergic receptors expressed on almost all cell types in the body. Extracellular ATP elicits potent effects on vascular cells to regulate blood vessel tone but can also be involved in vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis. While the effects of purinergic signalling in the vasculature have been well documented, the mechanism(s) mediating the regulated release of ATP from cells in the blood vessel wall and circulation are now a key target of investigation. The aim of this review is to examine the current proposed mechanisms of ATP release from vascular cells, with a special emphasis on the transporters and channels involved in ATP release from vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, circulating red blood cells, and perivascular sympathetic nerves, including vesicular exocytosis, plasma membrane F(1)/F(0)-ATP synthase, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, connexin hemichannels, and pannexin channels.
核苷酸三磷酸腺苷（ATP）一直被认为是细胞的主要能量货币。重要的是，在过去的一个世纪中，ATP 作为细胞外自分泌和/或旁分泌信号分子的新作用已经发展起来，并且已经进行了广泛的工作来描述几乎所有在体内的细胞类型上表达的 ATP 敏感嘌呤能受体。细胞外 ATP 对血管细胞产生强烈的影响，以调节血管张力，但也可能参与血管病理学，如动脉粥样硬化。虽然嘌呤能信号在脉管系统中的作用已经得到很好的证明，但介导血管壁和循环中细胞内 ATP 释放的调节机制现在是一个关键的研究目标。本综述的目的是检查目前从血管细胞中释放 ATP 的机制，特别强调涉及血管平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞、循环红细胞和血管周围交感神经中 ATP 释放的转运蛋白和通道，包括囊泡胞吐、质膜 F1/F0-ATP 合酶、ATP 结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白、连接蛋白半通道和 Pannexin 通道。
