Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA.
Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1275-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1218764.
Nature has evolved efficient strategies to synthesize complex mineralized structures that exhibit exceptional damage tolerance. One such example is found in the hypermineralized hammer-like dactyl clubs of the stomatopods, a group of highly aggressive marine crustaceans. The dactyl clubs from one species, Odontodactylus scyllarus, exhibit an impressive set of characteristics adapted for surviving high-velocity impacts on the heavily mineralized prey on which they feed. Consisting of a multiphase composite of oriented crystalline hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate and carbonate, in conjunction with a highly expanded helicoidal organization of the fibrillar chitinous organic matrix, these structures display several effective lines of defense against catastrophic failure during repetitive high-energy loading events.
大自然进化出了高效的策略来合成具有出色耐损伤能力的复杂矿化结构。一个这样的例子是在口足目动物的超矿化的锤状指节夹中发现的，口足目动物是一组极具攻击性的海洋甲壳类动物。来自一种名为 Odontodactylus scyllarus 的物种的指节夹表现出一组令人印象深刻的特征，这些特征适应于在它们所食用的高度矿化的猎物上承受高速冲击。它由取向结晶羟磷灰石和无定形磷酸钙和碳酸盐的多相复合材料，以及纤维状几丁质有机基质的高度扩展的螺旋组织组成，这些结构在重复的高能加载事件中显示出几种有效的防止灾难性失效的防御机制。
