Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Occup Med (Lond). 2012 Jul;62(5):356-61. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqs064. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
The construction industry is one of the employment sectors with the highest risk of injuries.
To evaluate the injury trend in the construction industry from data published from 1987 to 2010.
All papers with at least two measurements of injuries within a medium- to long-term period were included. The numbers of fatal and non-fatal injuries were examined in two separate groups: 100,000 workers per year and 200,000 worked hours per year.
All injuries significantly decreased between the first and the second measurement, with fatal injuries decreasing by 35% and non-fatal ones by 33% in workers/year and by 22% in worked hours/year. There was high heterogeneity among the sources of data for workers/year index (I(2) = 49% for fatal injuries, 99% for non-fatal injuries) but no heterogeneity for worked hours/year index (I(2) = 0). Meta-regression analysis showed a significant linear relationship between time and risk reduction for fatal injuries (r = 0.63; P < 0.001; a 6% reduction per year); trend reduction for non-fatal injuries was not related to the time taken between the measurements.
Fatal injuries have a reduction trend that depends on large interventions, whereas non-fatal injuries are more prone to episodic changes. Furthermore, while the workers/year index allows easier evaluation of the injury rate variation in a single working environment, the worked hours/year index is better at comparing the injury rate variation in different working environments because it reduces the sources of heterogeneity.
建筑行业是工伤风险最高的就业领域之一。
评估 1987 年至 2010 年公布的数据中建筑行业的伤害趋势。
纳入至少有两次中-长期伤害测量值的所有文献。将致命和非致命伤害的人数分别检查两个独立的组：每年 10 万工人和每年 20 万工作小时。
第一次和第二次测量之间所有伤害均显著下降，每年每 10 万工人的致命伤害下降 35%，非致命伤害下降 33%，每年每 20 万工作小时的非致命伤害下降 22%。致命伤害工人/年指数（I²=49%）和非致命伤害工人/年指数（I²=99%）的数据来源存在高度异质性，但工作小时/年指数（I²=0）无异质性。元回归分析显示，致命伤害的风险降低与时间之间存在显著线性关系（r=0.63；P<0.001；每年降低 6%）；非致命伤害的趋势降低与两次测量之间的时间无关。
致命伤害呈下降趋势，这取决于大规模干预措施，而非致命伤害更容易出现偶发性变化。此外，虽然工人/年指数更便于评估单一工作环境中的伤害率变化，但工作小时/年指数更适合比较不同工作环境中的伤害率变化，因为它减少了异质性来源。
