INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, Montfavet, France.
Adv Virus Res. 2012;84:439-504. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00013-0.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an important virus because of its agricultural impact in the Mediterranean Basin and worldwide, and also as a model for understanding plant-virus interactions. This review focuses on those areas where most progress has been made over the past decade in our understanding of CMV. Clearly, a deep understanding of the role of the recently described CMV 2b gene in suppression of host RNA silencing and viral virulence is the most important discovery. These findings have had an impact well beyond the virus itself, as the 2b gene is an important tool in the studies of eukaryotic gene regulation. Protein 2b was shown to be involved in most of the steps of the virus cycle and to interfere with several basal host defenses. Progress has also been made concerning the mechanisms of virus replication and movement. However, only a few host proteins that interact with viral proteins have been identified, making this an area of research where major efforts are still needed. Another area where major advances have been made is CMV population genetics, where contrasting results were obtained. On the one hand, CMV was shown to be prone to recombination and to show high genetic diversity based on sequence data of different isolates. On the other hand, populations did not exhibit high genetic variability either within plants, or even in a field and the nearby wild plants. The situation was partially clarified with the finding that severe bottlenecks occur during both virus movement within a plant and transmission between plants. Finally, novel studies were undertaken to elucidate mechanisms leading to selection in virus population, according to the host or its environment, opening a new research area in plant-virus coevolution.
黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）是一种重要的病毒，因为它在地中海盆地和全球范围内对农业造成了影响，同时也是研究植物-病毒相互作用的模型。本综述重点介绍了过去十年中，在我们对 CMV 的理解方面取得最大进展的那些领域。显然，对最近描述的 CMV 2b 基因在抑制宿主 RNA 沉默和病毒毒力方面的作用的深入理解是最重要的发现。这些发现的影响超出了病毒本身，因为 2b 基因是研究真核生物基因调控的重要工具。研究表明，蛋白 2b 参与了病毒周期的大多数步骤，并干扰了几种基本的宿主防御。在病毒复制和运动的机制方面也取得了进展。然而，只有少数与病毒蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白被鉴定出来，这使得这一研究领域仍然需要做出重大努力。在 CMV 群体遗传学方面也取得了重大进展，在这方面得到了相反的结果。一方面，CMV 被证明容易发生重组，并且基于不同分离株的序列数据显示出很高的遗传多样性。另一方面，无论是在植物内部，甚至在田间和附近的野生植物中，种群都没有表现出很高的遗传变异性。通过发现病毒在植物体内运动和在植物之间传播过程中都会发生严重的瓶颈，部分澄清了这种情况。最后，根据宿主或其环境，进行了新的研究来阐明导致病毒群体选择的机制，为植物-病毒共同进化开辟了一个新的研究领域。
