Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CEBAS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Adv Virus Res. 2012;84:505-32. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00014-2.
The molecular biology, epidemiology, and evolutionary dynamics of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) are much better understood than those of Tomato torrado virus (ToTV). The earliest descriptions of PepMV suggest a recent jump from nontomato species (e.g., pepino; Solanum muricatum) to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Its stability in contaminated plant tissues, its transmission through seeds, and the global trade of tomato seeds and fruits may have facilitated the global spread of PepMV. Stability and seed transmission also probably account for the devastating epidemics caused by already-established PepMV strains, although additional contributing factors may include the efficient transmission of PepMV by contact and the often-inconspicuous symptoms in vegetative tomato tissues. The genetic variability of PepMV is likely to have promoted the first phase of emergence (i.e., the species jump) and it continues to play an important role as the virus becomes more pervasive, progressing from regional outbreaks to pandemics. In contrast, the long-term progression of ToTV outbreaks is not yet clear and this may reflect factors such as the limited accumulation of the virus in infected plants, which has been shown to be approximately two orders of magnitude less than PepMV. The efficient dispersion of ToTV may therefore depend on dense populations of its principal vectors, Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, as has been proposed for the necrogenic satellite RNA of Cucumber mosaic virus.
相比于番茄斑驳病毒（ToTV）， Pepino mosaic 病毒（PepMV）的分子生物学、流行病学和进化动态得到了更为深入的了解。最早对 PepMV 的描述表明，它是从非番茄物种（例如 Pepino，Solanum muricatum）最近跳跃到番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）中的。它在污染植物组织中的稳定性、通过种子的传播能力，以及番茄种子和果实的全球贸易，可能促进了 PepMV 的全球传播。稳定性和种子传播也可能是 PepMV 已建立的流行毒株造成毁灭性流行的原因，尽管其他促成因素可能包括 PepMV 通过接触高效传播，以及在营养生长的番茄组织中经常出现不明显的症状。PepMV 的遗传变异性可能促进了病毒的首次出现（即物种跳跃），随着病毒变得更加普遍，从区域性爆发到全球大流行，它继续发挥着重要作用。相比之下，ToTV 爆发的长期进展尚不清楚，这可能反映了病毒在感染植物中的积累有限等因素，这表明病毒的积累量大约比 PepMV 低两个数量级。因此，ToTV 的有效传播可能依赖于其主要载体烟粉虱和烟粉虱实蝇的密集种群，这与黄瓜花叶病毒的坏死卫星 RNA 的传播方式类似。
