HBsAg 阴性人群中乙型肝炎病毒感染或疫苗接种标志物的流行情况。
Prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection or vaccination in HBsAg-negative subjects.
机构信息
Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Legnano, Milan, Italy.
出版信息
Blood Transfus. 2012 Jul;10(3):344-50. doi: 10.2450/2012.0085-11. Epub 2012 Apr 13.
BACKGROUND
The implementation of mass vaccinations against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has significantly reduced the prevalence of HBsAg-positive subjects. At the same time, the prevalence of the other markers of infection has decreased, but there has been an increase in the percentage of subjects with markers of a successful vaccination. It has been suggested that increasing immigration from countries in which this virus is highly endemic is changing the epidemiology of HBV infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the serological markers of HBV in Italian and non-Italian HBsAg-negative subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the years 2007-2008, 8,018 samples from HBsAg-negative subjects (7,521 Italians and 497 non-Italians) were received for detection of anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc. The findings in the 1,358 samples from candidate blood donors were compared with those obtained in 1991 and 1999.
RESULTS
The rate of anti-HBc positivity was 18.3% in the Italian samples and 32.8% in the non-Italian samples; the corresponding percentages of anti-HBs/anti-HBc positive samples (indicating past infection), anti-HBs positive only samples (vaccination) and anti-HBc positive only were, 11.3% vs. 22.5%, 25.8% vs. 17.2%, and 6.9% vs. 9.9% in Italians and non-Italians, respectively. The differences were more marked when stratified by age. In relation to candidate blood donors, simultaneous positivity for anti-HBs and anti-HBc decreased from 11.0% in 1991 to 8.1% in 1999 and 3.9% in 2007-2008, whereas isolated anti-HBs positivity increased from 2.2% in 1991 to 21.4% in 1999 and 42.9% in 2007-2008.
CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of markers of past infection among Italians has decreased over time as a result of mass vaccination and is significantly lower than that observed in non-Italians. The increasing number of immigrants from countries in which HBV is highly endemic is changing the epidemiology of HBV infection in Italy.
背景
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）大规模疫苗接种的实施显著降低了 HBsAg 阳性者的比例。与此同时，其他感染标志物的流行率有所下降，但成功接种疫苗的标志物比例有所上升。有人认为，来自乙型肝炎高度流行国家的移民人数增加正在改变乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学。本研究旨在评估意大利和非意大利 HBsAg 阴性人群中乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志物的流行率。
材料和方法
2007-2008 年，共收到 8018 份 HBsAg 阴性者（7521 名意大利人和 497 名非意大利人）的样本，用于检测抗-HBs 和/或抗-HBc。比较了 1358 名候选献血者样本的结果与 1991 年和 1999 年的结果。
结果
意大利样本的抗-HBc 阳性率为 18.3%，非意大利样本为 32.8%；相应的抗-HBs/抗-HBc 阳性样本（提示既往感染）、抗-HBs 阳性样本（接种疫苗）和抗-HBc 阳性样本的百分比分别为 11.3%比 22.5%、25.8%比 17.2%和 6.9%比 9.9%，在意大利人和非意大利人之间差异更明显。按年龄分层时差异更为显著。与候选献血者相比，抗-HBs 和抗-HBc 同时阳性的比例从 1991 年的 11.0%降至 1999 年的 8.1%和 2007-2008 年的 3.9%，而单独抗-HBs 阳性的比例从 1991 年的 2.2%上升至 1999 年的 21.4%和 2007-2008 年的 42.9%。
结论
随着大规模疫苗接种的实施，意大利人既往感染标志物的频率随时间下降，显著低于非意大利人。来自乙型肝炎高度流行国家的移民人数不断增加，正在改变意大利乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学。
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