Division of Stroke, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013 Oct;22(7):e4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.05.001. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are 2 main types of stroke: ischaemic strokes, which are caused by obstruction of the blood vessels leading to or within the brain, and haemorrhagic strokes, which are induced by the disruption of blood vessels. Stroke is a disease of multifactorial aetiology that may develop as an end state in patients with serious vascular conditions--most notably, uncontrolled arterial hypertension--thereby necessitating the effective control of this risk factor to prevent stroke or its recurrence. This paper focuses specifically on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke mainly in chronically hypertensive patients and pays particular attention to the efficacy of a select group of routinely used major antihypertensive drugs (i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers) in the treatment of strokes.
中风仍然是全球范围内导致死亡和发病的主要原因之一。中风有 2 种主要类型：缺血性中风，由血管阻塞引起，发生在大脑内或大脑内；出血性中风，由血管破裂引起。中风是一种多因素病因的疾病，可能在患有严重血管疾病的患者中发展为终末状态，最显著的是，未经控制的动脉高血压，因此需要有效控制这种风险因素以预防中风或其复发。本文专门讨论了主要发生在慢性高血压患者中的缺血性中风的流行病学和发病机制，并特别关注了一组常规使用的主要降压药物（即血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素 II 型 1 型受体阻滞剂和钙通道阻滞剂）在中风治疗中的疗效。
