UPMC, UMR Sisyphe 7619, Box 123, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Jul 15;430:280-90. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.035. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Ponds were ubiquitous features of the traditional rural waterscape in the Seine watershed, as shown by the 18th century Cassini map. Using the result of a water quality survey at the entrance and the outlet of a small pond receiving agricultural drainage water, the Seneque/Riverstrahler biogeochemical model was shown to accurately simulate the observed 30% reduction in nitrogen fluxes crossing this pond. The model was then used to simulate the effect of various scenarios of pond restoration (inspired by their 18th century geographical distribution as revealed by the Cassini map) on surface water nitrate contamination at different spatial scales. In regions with an impermeable lithological substrate, the restoration of ponds at a density of 5% of the agricultural area would reduce the riverine nitrogen export by up to 25% on an annual basis. It is suggested that such waterscape management, used in conjunction with more preventive measures, can be a useful means to reduce nitrate contamination of water resources.
池塘是塞纳河流域传统乡村水景观的普遍特征，这一点在 18 世纪的卡西尼地图上有所体现。利用在一个接收农业排水的小池塘的入口和出口处进行的水质调查结果，塞纳河/里斯特劳弗生物地球化学模型准确地模拟了观察到的穿过该池塘的氮通量减少 30%的情况。然后，该模型被用于模拟各种池塘恢复情景（受卡西尼地图揭示的池塘在 18 世纪的地理分布的启发）对不同空间尺度的地表水硝酸盐污染的影响。在基岩不透水的地区，将池塘的密度恢复到农业面积的 5%，每年可将河流氮的输出减少多达 25%。有人建议，这种水景观管理与更多的预防措施相结合，可以成为减少水资源硝酸盐污染的一种有效手段。
