Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, NAS of Belarus, 27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
J Environ Radioact. 2012 Oct;112:70-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.009. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
There are a lot of questions about genetic effects of ionizing radiation, the main one is does ionizing radiation induce mutations in humans? There is no direct evidence that exposure of parents to radiation leads to excess heritable disease in offspring. What is the difference between human and other species in which radiation induced mutations are easily registered? During evolution germ cell selection ex vivo has been changed to a selection in vivo and we cannot observe such selection of radiation damaged cells in human. Low radiation doses - are they harmful or beneficial? The "hormesis" phenomenon as well as radioadaptive response proves positive effects of low radiation dose. Can analysis of chromosomal aberration rate in lymphocytes be used for dosimetry? Many uncontrolled factors may be responsible for significant mistakes of this method. Why did evolution preserve the bystander effect? This paper is discussion one and its goal is to pay attention on some effects of ionizing radiation.
关于电离辐射的遗传效应存在很多问题，其中主要的一个问题是电离辐射是否会在人类中引起突变？没有直接的证据表明父母暴露于辐射会导致后代遗传性疾病过多。在哪些人类与其他物种之间存在差异，在这些物种中，辐射诱导的突变很容易被记录下来？在进化过程中，体外生殖细胞选择已转变为体内选择，我们无法观察到人类中对辐射损伤细胞的这种选择。低辐射剂量——它们是有害还是有益？“适应原效应”现象以及辐射适应反应证明了低辐射剂量的积极影响。淋巴细胞染色体畸变率分析可用于剂量测定吗？许多不可控因素可能导致该方法出现重大错误。为什么进化会保留旁观者效应？本文是讨论性的，其目的是关注电离辐射的一些效应。
