Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Mycologia. 2012 Nov-Dec;104(6):1490-501. doi: 10.3852/12-039. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
The European species Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus were subjected to a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences. Morphological characters of the species are discussed in the light of the phylogenetic results. In addition to a broad sampling within Europe, some Asian and North American taxa also were included in the analysis. Eight European species are confirmed molecularly: L. lignyotus, L. acris, L. azonites, L. pterosporus, L. ruginosus, L. romagnesii, L. fuliginosus and L. picinus. Except the sibling species L. fuliginosus and L. picinus, all are morphologically distinct. Our results suggest that L. fuliginosus is associated exclusively with broadleaf trees and L. picinus with conifers, but this putative difference in host specificity needs to be investigated further. Lactarius subruginosus turns out to be a synonym of either L. pterosporus or L. ruginosus. The position of Lactarius terenopus remains to be clarified. The North American taxa that are closely related to the European L. lignyotus (L. fallax, L. lignyotus var. canadensis, var. nigroviolascens, var. marginatus) are not resolved. Intercontinental conspecificity was demonstrated between Europe and northern Asia but was not found between Europe and southern Asia or between Europe and North America. A taxonomic subdivision of L. subg. Plinthogalus based on the height of the spore ornamentation should be rejected.
欧洲乳菇亚属 Plinthogalus 物种基于 ITS、LSU 和 rpb2 序列进行了分子系统发育分析。根据系统发育结果讨论了物种的形态特征。除了在欧洲进行广泛采样外，还包括一些亚洲和北美分类群。有 8 种欧洲物种通过分子方法得到确认：Lignyotus 乳菇、Acris 乳菇、Azonites 乳菇、Pterosporus 乳菇、Ruginosus 乳菇、Romagnesii 乳菇、fuliginosus 乳菇和 Picinus 乳菇。除了姊妹种 fuliginosus 乳菇和 Picinus 乳菇外，所有这些物种在形态上都有明显的区别。我们的研究结果表明，fuliginosus 乳菇与阔叶树密切相关，而 Picinus 乳菇与针叶树密切相关，但这种假定的宿主特异性差异需要进一步研究。Lactarius subruginosus 原来是 L. pterosporus 或 L. ruginosus 的同义词。Lactarius terenopus 的位置仍有待澄清。与欧洲 L. lignyotus 密切相关的北美分类群（L. fallax、L. lignyotus var. canadensis、var. nigroviolascens、var. marginatus）尚未解决。在欧洲和北亚之间证明了同一种的洲际同质性，但在欧洲和南亚之间或欧洲和北美之间没有发现。基于孢子装饰高度的乳菇亚属 Plinthogalus 的分类细分应该被拒绝。
