EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology and ETH-Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Duebendorf, Switzerland.
J Evol Biol. 2012 Aug;25(8):1587-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02546.x. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
Knowledge on the relative contribution of direct genetic, maternal and environmental effects to adaptive divergence is important for understanding the drivers of biological diversification. The moor frog (Rana arvalis) shows adaptive divergence in embryonic and larval fitness traits along an acidification gradient in south-western Sweden. To understand the quantitative genetic basis of this divergence, we performed reciprocal crosses between three divergent population pairs and reared embryos and larvae at acid and neutral pH in the laboratory. Divergence in embryonic acid tolerance (survival) was mainly determined by maternal effects, whereas the relative contributions of maternal, additive and nonadditive genetic effects in larval life-history traits differed between traits, population pairs and rearing environments. These results emphasize the need to investigate the quantitative genetic basis of adaptive divergence in multiple populations and traits, as well as different environments. We discuss the implications of our findings for maintenance of local adaptation in the context of migrant and hybrid fitness.
关于直接遗传、母体和环境效应对适应分化相对贡献的知识对于理解生物多样化的驱动因素非常重要。沼泽蛙（Rana arvalis）在瑞典西南部的酸化梯度上表现出胚胎和幼体适应性分化特征。为了了解这种分化的数量遗传基础，我们在实验室中在酸性和中性 pH 值下对三个分化的种群对进行了相互交叉，并饲养了胚胎和幼虫。胚胎对酸的耐受性（存活率）的分化主要取决于母体效应，而在幼虫生活史特征中，母体、加性和非加性遗传效应的相对贡献因特征、种群对和饲养环境而异。这些结果强调了需要在多个种群和特征以及不同环境中研究适应分化的数量遗传基础。我们讨论了我们的发现对在移民和杂种适应性的背景下维持局部适应性的影响。
