Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jun 30;732:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.056. Epub 2011 Nov 6.
The influence and the extent of the anthocyanin extractability from grape skins at different physiological stages and different soluble solids contents within each stage were investigated. For this purpose three different physiological stages (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three soluble solids contents (22, 24 and 26°Brix) within each stage were taken into account using Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo. This study revealed the influence of physiological stages and soluble solids contents on the amounts of anthocyanins. The most important factor was the physiological stage although the soluble solid contents effect was also relevant, especially for anthocyanins monoglucosides. The highest contents in anthocyanins were found at pre-harvest, following by harvest and finally at over-ripening. Within each physiological stage, the relative abundance of acylated derivatives was influenced by the soluble solids contents. The percentages of acylated anthocyanins tend to decrease as the soluble solids contents. Differences in the anthocyanin extractabilities were highly influenced by the physiological stages and in a lesser extent by the soluble solids contents. The lowest extraction percentages were obtained in pre-harvest samples whatever soluble solids contents. Over-ripening samples present the lowest contents of anthocyanins but these compounds are easily released from tissues to the hydroalcoholic solution providing the highest extraction percentages. Generally, non-acylated anthocyanins were better extracted than the acylated anthocyanins.
本研究旨在探讨不同生理阶段和每个阶段不同可溶性固形物含量对葡萄皮中花色苷提取率的影响和程度。为此，使用品丽珠（Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo）葡萄，考虑了三个不同的生理阶段（预采期、采收期和过熟期）和每个阶段的三个可溶性固形物含量（22、24 和 26°Brix）。本研究揭示了生理阶段和可溶性固形物含量对花色苷含量的影响。最重要的因素是生理阶段，尽管可溶性固形物含量的影响也很重要，特别是对花色苷单葡萄糖苷。在预采期，花色苷含量最高，其次是采收期，最后是过熟期。在每个生理阶段内，酰化衍生物的相对丰度受可溶性固形物含量的影响。酰化花色苷的百分比随着可溶性固形物含量的增加而降低。花色苷提取率受生理阶段的影响很大，受可溶性固形物含量的影响较小。无论可溶性固形物含量如何，预采期样品的提取率最低。过熟期样品的花色苷含量最低，但这些化合物很容易从组织释放到水醇溶液中，提供最高的提取率。一般来说，非酰化花色苷比酰化花色苷更容易提取。
