I+D+I Industrial Tonelera Navarra SL (INTONA), 31522 Monteagudo, Navarra, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jun 30;732:33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.012. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
Although oak wood is the main material used in cooperage, other species are being considered as possible sources of wood for the production of wines and their derived products. In this work we have compared the phenolic composition of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), chestnut (Castanea sativa), cherry (Prunus avium) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior and F. americana) heartwoods, by using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS (some of these data have been showed in previous paper), as well as the changes that toasting intensity at cooperage produce in each polyphenolic profile. Before toasting, each wood shows a different and specific polyphenolic profile, with both qualitative and quantitative differences among them. Toasting notably changed these profiles, in general, proportionally to toasting intensity and led to a minor differentiation among species in toasted woods, although we also found phenolic markers in toasted woods. Thus, methyl syringate, benzoic acid, methyl vanillate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethylphenol and p-coumaric acid, condensed tannins of the procyanidin type, and the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin, isosakuranetin and taxifolin will be a good tool to identify cherry wood. In acacia wood the chemical markers will be the aldehydes gallic and β-resorcylic and two not fully identified hydroxycinnamic compounds, condensed tannins of the prorobinetin type, and when using untoasted wood, dihydrorobinetin, and in toasted acacia wood, robinetin. In untoasted ash wood, the presence of secoiridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, or di and oligolignols will be a good tool, especially oleuropein, ligstroside and olivil, together verbascoside and isoverbascoside in F. excelsior, and oleoside in F. americana. In toasted ash wood, tyrosol, syringaresinol, cyclolovil, verbascoside and olivil, could be used to identify the botanical origin. In addition, in ash wood, seasoned and toasted, neither hydrolysable nor condensed tannins were detected. Lastly, in chestnut wood, gallic and ellagic acids and hydrolysable tannins of both the gallotannin and ellagitannin type, can be used as chemical markers.
虽然橡木是酿酒和葡萄酒衍生产品生产中最主要的木桶材料，但其他树种也被认为是木材的可能来源。在这项工作中，我们通过 HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS 比较了金合欢（Robinia pseudoacacia）、栗木（Castanea sativa）、樱桃木（Prunus avium）和灰烬（Fraxinus excelsior 和 F. americana）心材的酚类成分（部分数据已在前一篇论文中展示），以及制桶过程中烘烤强度对每种多酚谱的影响。在烘烤之前，每种木材都显示出不同且特定的多酚谱，并且它们之间存在定性和定量差异。烘烤通常会根据烘烤强度对这些图谱进行调整，并导致烘烤木材之间的物种差异较小，尽管我们也在烘烤木材中发现了酚类标志物。因此，丁香酸甲酯、苯甲酸、香草酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸、3,4,5-三甲苯酚和根皮苷将是识别樱桃木的良好工具。在金合欢木中，化学标志物将是没食子酸和β-间苯二酚以及两种未完全鉴定的羟基肉桂酸化合物、原儿茶素型缩合单宁，以及未烘烤的金合欢木中的二氢根皮苷和烘烤的金合欢木中的根皮苷。在未烘烤的灰烬木中，存在裂环烯醚萜、苯乙醇苷或二聚和寡聚木脂素将是一个很好的工具，特别是橄榄苦苷、毛蕊花糖苷和橄榄苦苷，以及 F. excelsior 中的毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷，以及 F. americana 中的橄榄苦苷。在烘烤的灰烬木中，酪醇、丁香树脂醇、环橄榄醇、毛蕊花糖苷和橄榄苦苷可用于鉴定植物来源。此外，在灰木中，无论是经过调味还是烘烤，都未检测到可水解单宁和缩合单宁。最后，在栗木中，鞣花酸和鞣花酸以及两者的水解单宁和缩合单宁，可作为化学标志物。
