RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 Apr;9(4):1097-110. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9041097. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
A large body of evidence has confirmed that the indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass fuel use is a major cause of premature deaths, and acute and chronic diseases. Over 78% of Sri Lankans use biomass fuel for cooking, the major source of IAP in developing countries. We conducted a review of the available literature and data sources to profile biomass fuel use in Sri Lanka. We also produced two maps (population density and biomass use; and cooking fuel sources by district) to illustrate the problem in a geographical context. The biomass use in Sri Lanka is limited to wood while coal, charcoal, and cow dung are not used. Government data sources indicate poor residents in rural areas are more likely to use biomass fuel. Respiratory diseases, which may have been caused by cooking emissions, are one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and death. The World Health Organization estimated that the number of deaths attributable to IAP in Sri Lanka in 2004 was 4300. Small scale studies have been conducted in-country in an attempt to associate biomass fuel use with cataracts, low birth weight, respiratory diseases and lung cancer. However, the IAP issue has not been broadly researched and is not prominent in Sri Lankan public health policies and programs to date. Our profile of Sri Lanka calls for further analytical studies and new innovative initiatives to inform public health policy, advocacy and program interventions to address the IAP problem of Sri Lanka.
大量证据证实，生物质燃料使用造成的室内空气污染（IAP）是导致过早死亡和急性、慢性疾病的主要原因。超过 78%的斯里兰卡人使用生物质燃料做饭，这是发展中国家室内空气污染的主要来源。我们对现有文献和数据源进行了审查，以了解斯里兰卡生物质燃料的使用情况。我们还制作了两张地图（人口密度和生物质燃料使用情况；以及按地区划分的烹饪燃料来源），以在地理背景下说明这一问题。斯里兰卡的生物质燃料仅限于木材，而煤炭、木炭和牛粪则不使用。政府数据源表明，农村地区的贫困居民更有可能使用生物质燃料。可能由烹饪排放物引起的呼吸道疾病是导致住院和死亡的主要原因之一。世界卫生组织估计，2004 年由于室内空气污染导致的斯里兰卡死亡人数为 4300 人。该国已经进行了一些小规模研究，试图将生物质燃料的使用与白内障、低出生体重、呼吸道疾病和肺癌联系起来。然而，迄今为止，室内空气污染问题并未得到广泛研究，也未在斯里兰卡公共卫生政策和方案中突出。我们对斯里兰卡的情况介绍呼吁进一步进行分析研究和提出新的创新举措，为公共卫生政策、宣传和方案干预措施提供信息，以解决斯里兰卡的室内空气污染问题。
