Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Department of Diabetes, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012 Jul;11(4):597-614. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2012.694424. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
Hypoglycaemia is a side effect caused by some therapies for type 2 diabetes, which can cause physical, social and psychological harm. Hypoglycaemia also prevents attainment of treatment goals and satisfactory glycaemic control.
The risk of hypoglycaemia associated with commonly prescribed therapies, including metformin, sulphonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and thiazolidinediones, is reviewed in this paper (insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is not included). Other medications that are frequently co-prescribed in type 2 diabetes are also discussed, including anti-hypertensive drugs, antibiotics and fibrates, along with various important patient-related risk factors.
Hypoglycaemia is a common and potentially dangerous side effect of some medications used for type 2 diabetes. The risk of hypoglycaemia should always be considered when selecting and implementing a therapy, with a focus on the individual. Future research into new therapies should measure the frequency of hypoglycaemia prospectively and accurately. Hypoglycaemia has been shown to be a potentially life-threatening metabolic stress; therefore therapies that effectively manage diabetes without the risk of hypoglycaemia are likely to be favoured in the future.
低血糖是 2 型糖尿病某些治疗方法的副作用，可导致身体、社会和心理伤害。低血糖还会妨碍治疗目标的实现和血糖的良好控制。
本文回顾了常用治疗药物（包括二甲双胍、磺酰脲类药物、二肽基肽酶-4 酶[DPP-4]抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1[GLP-1]激动剂和噻唑烷二酮类药物）与低血糖相关的风险（不包括胰岛素引起的低血糖）。还讨论了 2 型糖尿病中经常联合使用的其他药物，包括抗高血压药物、抗生素和贝特类药物，以及各种重要的与患者相关的危险因素。
低血糖是 2 型糖尿病某些药物治疗的常见且潜在危险的副作用。在选择和实施治疗时，应始终考虑低血糖风险，重点关注个体。未来对新疗法的研究应前瞻性和准确地测量低血糖的频率。低血糖已被证明是一种潜在的危及生命的代谢应激；因此，未来可能更倾向于使用能够有效治疗糖尿病且无低血糖风险的疗法。
