Zauderer Cheryl, Davis Wendy
Department of Nursing, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, USA.
Holist Nurs Pract. 2012 Jul-Aug;26(4):203-9. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3182596172.
Postpartum depression and or perinatal mood disorders are complex phenomena with numerous interrelated factors. Approximately 13% of women experience some degree of depression following childbirth. Mental health professionals have described postpartum depression as encompassing a variety of syndromes and as ranging from mild depression and anxiety to more severe forms of emotional disorders. Evidence is accumulating that postpartum depression/perinatal mood disorders may adversely affect the mother-child relationship, and that it may also have long-term effects on the child if the mother does not receive treatment. Postpartum depression and anxiety disorders can have devastating effects on the mother, her baby, and the entire family. Frontline management typically includes medication, therapy, and social support. However, many women feel conflicted about using psychotropic medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding and are interested in learning about alternative therapies. If a pregnant or breastfeeding mother is prescribed psychiatric medications, she may not follow the prescription and may also be afraid to tell her provider. Women may refuse medications, even after weighing the pros and cons and safety issues with health care providers. For mild to moderate depression and anxiety, nonpharmacological choices need to be available for these women to provide them with alternative options and to encourage adherence to treatment.
产后抑郁症和/或围产期情绪障碍是复杂的现象，有众多相互关联的因素。约13%的女性在分娩后会经历某种程度的抑郁。心理健康专业人士将产后抑郁症描述为包含多种综合征，范围从轻度抑郁和焦虑到更严重的情绪障碍形式。越来越多的证据表明，产后抑郁症/围产期情绪障碍可能会对母婴关系产生不利影响，而且如果母亲不接受治疗，还可能对孩子产生长期影响。产后抑郁症和焦虑症会对母亲、她的宝宝以及整个家庭造成毁灭性影响。一线治疗通常包括药物治疗、心理治疗和社会支持。然而，许多女性在孕期和哺乳期使用精神药物时会感到矛盾，并对了解替代疗法感兴趣。如果给怀孕或哺乳期的母亲开了精神科药物，她可能不遵医嘱，也可能不敢告诉医生。即使在与医疗保健人员权衡利弊和安全问题之后，女性仍可能拒绝用药。对于轻度至中度抑郁和焦虑，需要为这些女性提供非药物选择，为她们提供替代方案并鼓励坚持治疗。
