亨尼帕病毒受体利用和嗜性。
Henipavirus receptor usage and tropism.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1489, USA.
出版信息
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;359:59-78. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_222.
Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses are the deadliest human pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family, which include human and animal pathogens of global biomedical importance. NiV and HeV infections cause respiratory and encephalitic illness with high mortality rates in humans. Henipaviruses (HNV) are the only Paramyxoviruses classified as biosafety level 4 (BSL4) pathogens due to their extreme pathogenicity, potential for bioterrorism, and lack of licensed vaccines and therapeutics. HNV use ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, highly conserved proteins, as viral entry receptors. This likely accounts for their unusually broad species tropism, and also provides opportunities to study how receptor usage, cellular tropism, and end-organ pathology relates to the pathobiology of HNV infections. The clinical and pathologic manifestations of NiV and HeV virus infections are reviewed in the chapters by Wong et al. and Geisbert et al. in this issue. Here, we will review the biology of the HNV receptors, and how receptor usage relates to HNV cell tropism in vitro and in vivo.
尼帕（NiV）和亨德拉（HeV）病毒是副黏液病毒科中对人类最致命的病原体，包括对全球生物医学具有重要意义的人类和动物病原体。NiV 和 HeV 感染会导致呼吸道和脑炎疾病，人类死亡率很高。由于其极高的致病性、潜在的生物恐怖主义可能性以及缺乏许可的疫苗和治疗方法，亨尼帕病毒（HNV）是唯一被归类为生物安全 4 级（BSL4）病原体的副黏液病毒。HNV 使用 Ephrin-B2 和 Ephrin-B3，这两种高度保守的蛋白质作为病毒进入受体。这可能解释了它们异常广泛的物种嗜性，也为研究受体利用、细胞嗜性和终末器官病理学与 HNV 感染的病理生物学之间的关系提供了机会。本期刊物中 Wong 等人和 Geisbert 等人的章节回顾了 NiV 和 HeV 病毒感染的临床和病理表现。在这里，我们将回顾 HNV 受体的生物学特性，以及受体的利用如何与体外和体内 HNV 的细胞嗜性相关。
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