De Cauwer B, Rombaut R, Bulcke R, Reheul D
Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Dept. Herbology, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2011;76(3):513-20.
Until recently Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand (rough barnyardgrass), an alien species native to North America, was completely overlooked in Belgium due to its close morphological resemblance to Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (barnyardgrass). E. muricata var. microstachya has gradually spread and is now locally naturalized and abundant in and along maize fields. One of the possible reasons for its expansion in maize fields, besides e.g. the lack of crop rotation, might be a lower sensitivity to postemergence herbicides acting against panicoid grasses, in particular 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides. Dose-response pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the effectiveness of four HPPD-inhibitor herbicides [topramezone (ARIETTA), mesotrione (CALLISTO), tembotrione (LAUDIS), sulcotrione (MIKADO) and the ALS-inhibitor herbicide nicosulfuron (KELVIN) for controlling local populations of E. crus-galli and E. muricata. Pots were planted with 25 seeds, thinned afterwards to 5 plants (one week after sowing) and irrigated by overhead sprinklers. Herbicides were applied at the 3-4 leaf stage (BBCH stage 13-14). Fresh biomass was harvested 28 d after treatment. In another dose-response pot experiment, the influence of leaf stage at time of herbicide application on efficacy of topramezone for (rough) barnyardgrass control was evaluated. Sensitivity to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides topramezone and sulcotrione was significantly lower for E. muricata populations than for E. crus-galli populations. However, nicosulfuron sensitivity of both species was similar. Compared to E. crus-galli, sensitivity of E. muricata to topramezone was more dependent on leaf stage. Due to the intragenus variability in sensitivity to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides, higher awareness is required for presence of E. muricata plants in maize fields in order to avoid insufficient "barnyardgrass" control.
直到最近，原产于北美的外来物种糙毛稗（Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand），由于其在形态上与稗草（Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.）极为相似，在比利时一直完全被忽视。糙毛稗已逐渐扩散，现在在玉米田及其周边地区已局部归化且数量众多。除了例如缺乏轮作等因素外，其在玉米田中扩张的一个可能原因可能是对作用于黍本科杂草的苗后除草剂，特别是对4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶（HPPD）抑制型除草剂和乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制型除草剂的敏感性较低。在温室中进行了剂量反应盆栽试验，以评估四种HPPD抑制型除草剂[甲基磺草酮（ARIETTA）、硝磺草酮（CALLISTO）、苯唑草酮（LAUDIS）、磺草酮（MIKADO）]和ALS抑制型除草剂烟嘧磺隆（KELVIN）对当地稗草和糙毛稗种群的防除效果。每个花盆播种25粒种子，之后间苗至5株（播种一周后），并通过顶喷进行灌溉。在3-4叶期（BBCH物候期13-14）施用除草剂。处理后28天收获地上鲜生物量。在另一个剂量反应盆栽试验中，评估了施用除草剂时的叶龄对甲基磺草酮防除糙毛稗效果的影响。糙毛稗种群对HPPD抑制型除草剂甲基磺草酮和磺草酮的敏感性显著低于稗草种群。然而，两种杂草对烟嘧磺隆的敏感性相似。与稗草相比，糙毛稗对甲基磺草酮的敏感性更依赖于叶龄。由于同属植物对HPPD抑制型除草剂的敏感性存在差异，因此需要提高对玉米田中糙毛稗植株存在情况的认识，以避免“稗草”防除效果不佳。
