Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Intern Med J. 2012 Jun;42(6):614-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02814.x.
Syphilis has been resurgent in Australian cities for the last decade. The varied presentation of this infection requires the physician to consider syphilis in the differential diagnosis of a broad range of conditions. Most cases are in men who have sex with men, young people in remote Aboriginal communities, or travellers from high-prevalence countries. The diagnosis and staging of syphilis require a sexual history, physical examination and interpretation of serological and microbiological findings. Penicillin remains the mainstay of effective treatment and has been used successfully for over 65 years. Treatment failure is rare, whereas reinfection is common. The interaction of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus is complex, but standard therapy remains curative, and lumbar puncture is rarely required. Regular testing of high-risk individuals, contact tracing with empirical treatment and serological follow up are important components of syphilis control.
在过去的十年中，澳大利亚城市的梅毒疫情再度出现。这种感染的多种表现形式要求医生在广泛的病症鉴别诊断中考虑梅毒。大多数病例发生在与男性发生性关系的男性、偏远原住民社区的年轻人或来自高流行国家的旅行者中。梅毒的诊断和分期需要性病史、体格检查以及对血清学和微生物学发现的解读。青霉素仍然是有效治疗的主要方法，已经成功使用了 65 多年。治疗失败很少见，而再次感染很常见。梅毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒之间的相互作用很复杂，但标准治疗仍然是有效的，很少需要腰椎穿刺。对高危人群进行定期检测、接触者追踪和血清学随访是梅毒控制的重要组成部分。
