Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
Plant Cell Environ. 2012 Oct;35(10):1742-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02558.x. Epub 2012 Jul 15.
One of the key developmental processes in flowering plants is the differentiation of the shoot apical meristem into a floral meristem. This transition is regulated through the integration of environmental and endogenous stimuli, involving a complex, hierarchical signalling network. In arabidopsis, the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, a mobile signal recognized as a major component of florigen, has a central position in mediating the onset of flowering. FT-like genes seem to be involved in regulating the floral transition in all angiosperms examined to date. Evidence from molecular evolution studies suggests that the emergence of FT-like genes coincided with the evolution of the flowering plants. Hence, the role of FT in floral promotion is conserved, but appears to be restricted to the angiosperms. Besides flowering, FT-like proteins have also been identified as major regulatory factors in a wide range of developmental processes including fruit set, vegetative growth, stomatal control and tuberization. These multifaceted roles of FT-like proteins have resulted from extensive gene duplication events, which occurred independently in nearly all modern angiosperm lineages, followed by sub- or neo-functionalization. This review assesses the plethora of roles that FT-like genes have acquired during evolution and their implications in plant diversity, adaptation and domestication.
在有花植物的关键发育过程之一是将茎尖分生组织分化为花分生组织。这种转变通过环境和内源性刺激的整合来调节，涉及复杂的层次信号网络。在拟南芥中，开花时间（FT）蛋白是一种被认为是成花素主要成分的移动信号，在介导开花开始方面处于中心地位。FT 样基因似乎参与调节迄今为止所有检查过的被子植物的花转变。来自分子进化研究的证据表明，FT 样基因的出现与开花植物的进化同时发生。因此，FT 在花促进中的作用是保守的，但似乎仅限于被子植物。除了开花，FT 样蛋白还被鉴定为包括果实设定、营养生长、气孔控制和块茎形成等广泛发育过程中的主要调节因子。FT 样蛋白的这些多方面作用是由广泛的基因重复事件产生的，这些事件几乎在所有现代被子植物谱系中独立发生，随后是亚功能化或新功能化。这篇综述评估了 FT 样基因在进化过程中获得的众多作用及其对植物多样性、适应和驯化的影响。
