Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Feb;103(2):369-75. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300449. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
We evaluated the association between the county sprawl index, a measure of residential density and street accessibility, and physical activity and body mass index (BMI).
We conducted a multilevel cross-sectional analysis in a sample of Nurses' Health Study participants living throughout the United States in 2000 to 2001 (n = 136 592).
In analyses adjusted for age, smoking status, race, and husband's education, a 1-SD (25.7) increase in the county sprawl index (indicating a denser, more compact county) was associated with a 0.13 kilograms per meters squared (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.18, -0.07) lower BMI and 0.41 (95% CI = 0.17, 0.65) more metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per week of total physical activity, 0.26 (95% CI = 0.19, 0.33) more MET hours per week of walking, and 0.47 (95% CI = 0.34, 0.59) more MET hours per week of walking, bicycling, jogging, and running. We detected potential effect modification for age, previous disease status, husband's education level (a proxy for socioeconomic status), and race.
Our results suggest that living in a dense, compact county may be conducive to higher levels of physical activity and lower BMI in women.
我们评估了县域蔓延指数（一种衡量居住密度和街道可达性的指标）与身体活动和体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。
我们对 2000 年至 2001 年期间居住在美国各地的护士健康研究参与者进行了一项多层次的横断面分析（n=136592）。
在调整年龄、吸烟状况、种族和丈夫教育程度的分析中，县域蔓延指数（表示更密集、更紧凑的县）每增加 1 个标准差（25.7），BMI 就会降低 0.13 公斤/平方米（95%置信区间[CI]为-0.18，-0.07），每周总身体活动的代谢当量（MET）小时数增加 0.41（95%CI=0.17，0.65），每周步行的 MET 小时数增加 0.26（95%CI=0.19，0.33），每周步行、骑自行车、慢跑和跑步的 MET 小时数增加 0.47（95%CI=0.34，0.59）。我们检测到年龄、既往疾病状况、丈夫教育程度（社会经济地位的一个替代指标）和种族的潜在效应修饰作用。
我们的结果表明，生活在密集、紧凑的县可能有利于女性更高水平的身体活动和更低的 BMI。
