Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0523, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2012 Aug;102(8):1462-72. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300706. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
Marketing decisions, rather than scientific innovations, have guided the development and positioning of contraceptive products in recent years. I review the stalled progress in contraceptive development in the decades following the advent of the Pill in 1960 and then examine the fine-tuning of the market for oral contraceptives in the 1990s and 2000s. Although birth control has been pitched in the United States as an individual solution, rather than a public health strategy, the purpose of oral contraceptives was understood by manufacturers, physicians, and consumers to be the prevention of pregnancy, a basic health care need for women. Since 1990, the content of that message has changed, reflecting a shift in the drug industry's view of the contraception business. Two factors contributed to bring about this change: first, the industry's move away from research and development in birth control and second, the growth of the class of medications known as lifestyle drugs.
近年来，营销决策而非科学创新主导了避孕产品的研发和定位。我回顾了自 1960 年避孕药问世以来几十年里避孕药物研发进展停滞不前的状况，接着考察了 20 世纪 90 年代和 21 世纪初口服避孕药市场的微调。尽管在美国，节育被宣传为一种个人解决方案，而不是公共卫生策略，但避孕药的制造商、医生和消费者都明白其目的是避孕，这是女性的一项基本保健需求。自 1990 年以来，这一信息的内容发生了变化，反映了制药行业对节育业务看法的转变。有两个因素促成了这种变化：一是行业在节育研究和开发方面的转移，二是被称为生活方式药物的一类药物的增长。
