Skaljac M, Zanić K, Hrnčić S, Radonjić S, Perović T, Ghanim M
Institute for Adriatic Crops, Department of Applied Sciences (Plant Protection), Split, Croatia.
Bull Entomol Res. 2013 Feb;103(1):48-59. doi: 10.1017/S0007485312000399. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Several whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are cosmopolitan phloem-feeders that cause serious damage in numerous agricultural crops. All whitefly species harbor a primary bacterial symbiont and a diverse array of secondary symbionts which may influence several aspects of the insect's biology. We surveyed infections by secondary symbionts in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) from areas in the east cost of the Adriatic Sea. Both the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) B. tabaci genetic groups were detected in Montenegro, whereas only the MED was confirmed in Croatia. Trialeurodes vaporariorum and S. phillyreae were found in all areas surveyed. MEAM1 and MED exhibited similarity to previously reported infections, while populations of T. vaporariorum from Montenegro harbored Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Cardinium in addition to previously reported Hamiltonella and Arsenopnohus. Siphoninus phillyreae harbored Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus, with the latter appearing in two alleles. Multiple infections of all symbionts were common in the three insect species tested, with some reaching near fixation. Florescent in situ hybridization showed new localization patterns for Hamiltonella in S. phillyreae, and the morphology of the bacteriosome differed from that observed in other whitefly species. Our results show new infections with bacterial symbionts in the whitefly species studied. Infections with the same symbionts in reproductively isolated whitefly species confirm complex relationships between whiteflies and bacterial symbionts, and suggest possible horizontal transfer of some of these bacteria.
几种粉虱（半翅目：粉虱科）是世界性的韧皮部取食者，会对多种农作物造成严重损害。所有粉虱物种都携带着一种主要的细菌共生体以及各种各样的次要共生体，这些共生体可能会影响昆虫生物学的多个方面。我们调查了来自亚得里亚海东岸地区的烟粉虱（Gennadius）、温室白粉虱（Westwood）和费城粉虱（Haliday）中次要共生体的感染情况。在黑山检测到了中东 - 小亚细亚1型（MEAM1）和地中海型（MED）烟粉虱遗传群体，而在克罗地亚仅确认了MED型。在所有调查区域都发现了温室白粉虱和费城粉虱。MEAM1和MED型与先前报道的感染情况相似，而来自黑山的温室白粉虱种群除了先前报道的哈氏菌属和砷诺普斯菌属外，还携带着立克次氏体、沃尔巴克氏体和卡丁氏体。费城粉虱携带着哈氏菌属、沃尔巴克氏体、卡丁氏体和砷诺普斯菌属，其中砷诺普斯菌属出现了两个等位基因。在所测试的三种昆虫物种中，所有共生体的多重感染很常见，有些接近固定状态。荧光原位杂交显示了费城粉虱中哈氏菌属的新定位模式，并且共生菌胞的形态与在其他粉虱物种中观察到的不同。我们的结果显示了所研究粉虱物种中细菌共生体的新感染情况。在生殖隔离的粉虱物种中存在相同共生体的感染情况，证实了粉虱与细菌共生体之间的复杂关系，并暗示了其中一些细菌可能存在水平转移。
