Endocrine and Metabolic Associates, Rockville, MD, USA.
Int J Clin Pract. 2012 Jul;66(7):684-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02952.x.
This investigation determined the proportion of adults newly diagnosed as having type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and ascertained risk predictors for development of self-reported T2DM.
The US Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) survey was a 5-year longitudinal study of adults with and without diabetes mellitus. Adults completed a baseline health questionnaire in 2004 and ≥1 annual follow-up survey through 2009. Respondents with no self-reported diagnosis of diabetes at baseline were followed to measure rate of and assess risk factors for development of T2DM over 5 years.
Among 8582 respondents without diabetes at baseline, 622 (7.2%) reported a diagnosis of T2DM over the subsequent 5 years. Increasing age, family history of T2DM, body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2), abdominal obesity, excessive thirst, asthma, gestational diabetes and 'high blood sugar without diabetes' significantly increased the risk of developing T2DM (p < 0.05 for each). Good to excellent health status and self-reported circulatory problems decreased the risk (p < 0.05 for each).
Among this representative US adult population, the rate of developing T2DM was 7.2% over 5 years. Predictors of T2DM diagnosis identified in this analysis were readily obtainable via self-report.
本研究旨在确定新诊断为 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的成年人比例，并确定自我报告的 T2DM 发病的风险预测因素。
美国帮助改善糖尿病风险因素早期评估和管理的研究（SHIELD）是一项对有或无糖尿病的成年人进行的为期 5 年的纵向研究。成年人在 2004 年完成了基线健康问卷，并在 2009 年之前至少完成了一次年度随访调查。在基线时无自我报告的糖尿病诊断的受访者将接受随访，以测量在 5 年内 T2DM 的发病率并评估发病风险因素。
在 8582 名基线无糖尿病的受访者中，有 622 人（7.2%）在随后的 5 年内报告了 T2DM 的诊断。年龄增长、家族史、BMI≥30kg/m2、腹型肥胖、过度口渴、哮喘、妊娠糖尿病和“无糖尿病的高血糖”显著增加了 T2DM 的发病风险（p<0.05）。良好到极好的健康状况和自我报告的循环系统问题降低了发病风险（p<0.05）。
在这个具有代表性的美国成年人人群中，5 年内 T2DM 的发病率为 7.2%。本分析中确定的 T2DM 诊断预测因素可通过自我报告获得。
