Elbekali A Y, Ramdani A, Siah A, Tisserant B, Deweer C, Hafidi M, Reignault P, Halama P
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP 578, Meknès, Maroc.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2011;76(4):715-9.
Septoria tritici blotch caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) is nowadays one of the most frequently occurring diseases on both bread and durum wheat crops. Two hundred and thirty isolates of the fungus were sampled from six distinct wheat-producing regions of Morocco in order to investigate the resistance of M. graminicola to strobilurins in this country, where this fungicide class is increasingly used in wheat-pest management. A subset of 134 isolates was first collected in 2008 from Meknes-Tafilalet, Tadla-Azilal, Gharb and Chaouia. Furthermore, 96 additional isolates were sampled in 2010 from the fourth regions investigated in 2008 plus Fes-Boulmane and Doukkala-Abda. Sensitivity or resistance within the isolates were determined by screening the G143A cytochrome b substitution conferring resistance. We used a mismatch amplification mutation assay allowing the amplification of either G143 (sensitive) or A143 (resistant) allele. All the 2008 isolates were found to be sensitive since they carry the wild-type allele G143. However, 9 (9%) out of the 2010 isolates were found to contain the resistant allele A143 and therefore to be resistant. Four of them were from Gharb and five from Fes-Boulmane. This study highlighted for the first time the occurrence of strobilurin-resistant isolates of M. graminicola in Morocco. Further genetic investigations should determine if the resistant isolates emerged independently in Morocco or traveled by wind-migration from Europe.
由小麦壳针孢菌（无性型：小麦壳针孢）引起的小麦叶枯病是目前面包小麦和硬粒小麦作物上最常见的病害之一。为了研究摩洛哥小麦壳针孢菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的抗性，从该国六个不同的小麦产区采集了230个该真菌的分离株，在该国，这类杀菌剂在小麦病虫害防治中使用越来越广泛。2008年首先从梅克内斯-塔菲拉勒特、塔德拉-阿齐拉尔、盖勒敏和豪伊亚采集了134个分离株的子集。此外，2010年又从2008年调查的四个地区以及非斯-布尔曼和杜卡拉-阿卜达采集了另外96个分离株。通过筛选赋予抗性的G143A细胞色素b替代来确定分离株中的敏感性或抗性。我们使用了一种错配扩增突变检测方法，该方法可以扩增G143（敏感）或A143（抗性）等位基因。所有2008年的分离株均被发现为敏感型，因为它们携带野生型等位基因G143。然而，2010年的分离株中有9个（9%）被发现含有抗性等位基因A143，因此具有抗性。其中4个来自盖勒敏，5个来自非斯-布尔曼。这项研究首次突出了摩洛哥存在对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂具有抗性的小麦壳针孢菌分离株。进一步的遗传学研究应确定抗性分离株是在摩洛哥独立出现的，还是通过风传从欧洲传播而来的。
