Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Addiction. 2013 Jan;108(1):50-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03981.x. Epub 2012 Oct 5.
Recent studies suggest that smoking cessation may cause more withdrawal symptoms than thought previously. The widely used Minnesota Withdrawal Scale (MWS-R) was revised recently to include some of these newly described symptoms. We assessed the validity of MWS-R and other proposed self-reported measures of tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
An internet survey of daily and former smokers with repeated measurements, followed by a randomized trial among the daily smokers.
Daily smokers (n = 1126) and former smokers (n = 3239).
Participants answered the original MWS (nine items), the eight additional symptoms in the MWS-R and 23 other questions on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Daily smokers were assigned randomly to either continue to smoke for 2 weeks or to stop smoking, and they answered follow-up surveys 1, 3 and 7 days after their target quit date.
Among the 31 proposed new symptoms tested by comparing recent quitters with continuing smokers, the only withdrawal-like symptom observed was worsening of mood swings. Post-cessation change in mood swings remained statistically significant after adjustment for baseline depression, irritability, impatience, restlessness, stress or anxiety/nervousness. Also, abstinence improved sense of smell, sense of taste and sore throat. Post-cessation change in symptoms intensities did not predict relapse.
Moods swings are a symptom of tobacco withdrawal that can be validly measured and are unpleasant. In contrast, smoking cessation also has positive, immediate effects, including improved sense of smell and taste and reduced sore throat.
最近的研究表明，戒烟可能会引起比之前认为的更多的戒断症状。最近修订的广泛使用的明尼苏达戒断量表（MWS-R）纳入了一些新描述的症状。我们评估了 MWS-R 和其他拟议的烟草戒断症状自我报告测量方法的有效性。
对有重复测量的每日吸烟者和前吸烟者进行互联网调查，然后在每日吸烟者中进行随机试验。
每日吸烟者（n=1126）和前吸烟者（n=3239）。
参与者回答了原始的 MWS（9 个项目）、MWS-R 中的 8 个附加症状和 23 个其他关于烟草戒断症状的问题。每日吸烟者被随机分配继续吸烟 2 周或戒烟，并在目标戒烟日期后的第 1、3 和 7 天回答随访调查。
在所测试的 31 个新提出的症状中，与继续吸烟者相比，只有情绪波动恶化是类似戒断的症状。在调整基线抑郁、易怒、急躁、不安、压力或焦虑/紧张后，情绪波动的戒断后变化仍然具有统计学意义。此外，戒烟改善了嗅觉、味觉和喉咙痛。症状强度的戒断后变化不能预测复发。
情绪波动是烟草戒断的一种症状，可以进行有效的测量，而且很不愉快。相比之下，戒烟也有即时的积极影响，包括嗅觉和味觉的改善以及喉咙痛的减轻。
