McNally R J
Department of Psychology, University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, Illinois 60064.
Psychol Bull. 1990 Nov;108(3):403-19. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.403.
Panic disorder has been the subject of considerable research and controversy. Though biological conceptualizations have been predominant, psychological theorists have recently advanced conditioning, personality, and cognitive hypotheses to explain the etiology of panic disorder. The purpose of this article is to provide an empirical and conceptual analysis of these psychological hypotheses. This review covers variants of the "fear-of-fear" construal of panic disorder (i.e., Pavlovian interoceptive conditioning, catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations, anxiety sensitivity), research on predictability (i.e., expectancies) and controllability, and research on information-processing biases believed to underlie the phenomenology of panic. Suggestions for future research are made.
惊恐障碍一直是大量研究和争议的主题。尽管生物学概念一直占据主导地位，但心理学理论家最近提出了条件作用、人格和认知假说，以解释惊恐障碍的病因。本文的目的是对这些心理学假说进行实证和概念分析分析。这篇综述涵盖了惊恐障碍的“对恐惧的恐惧”解释的变体（即巴甫洛夫内感受性条件作用、对身体感觉的灾难性误解、焦虑敏感性）、关于可预测性（即预期）和可控性的研究，以及关于被认为是惊恐现象学基础的信息加工偏差的研究。并提出了对未来研究的建议。
