Kunda Z
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010.
Psychol Bull. 1990 Nov;108(3):480-98. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480.
It is proposed that motivation may affect reasoning through reliance on a biased set of cognitive processes--that is, strategies for accessing, constructing, and evaluating beliefs. The motivation to be accurate enhances use of those beliefs and strategies that are considered most appropriate, whereas the motivation to arrive at particular conclusions enhances use of those that are considered most likely to yield the desired conclusion. There is considerable evidence that people are more likely to arrive at conclusions that they want to arrive at, but their ability to do so is constrained by their ability to construct seemingly reasonable justifications for these conclusions. These ideas can account for a wide variety of research concerned with motivated reasoning.
有人提出，动机可能通过依赖一组有偏差的认知过程来影响推理，即获取、构建和评估信念的策略。追求准确性的动机增强了对那些被认为最合适的信念和策略的使用，而得出特定结论的动机则增强了对那些被认为最有可能产生预期结论的信念和策略的使用。有大量证据表明，人们更有可能得出他们想要得出的结论，但他们这样做的能力受到为这些结论构建看似合理的理由的能力的限制。这些观点可以解释与动机性推理相关的各种各样的研究。
