Cruz J R, Pareja G, de Fernández A, Peralta F, Cáceres P, Cano F
Division of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala.
Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Nov-Dec;12 Suppl 8:S1029-34. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_8.s1029.
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) were studied during a 2-year period in 521 preschool children living in a marginal area of Guatemala City. There were 3,646 episodes of ARI detected during 26,329 child-weeks at risk, for an incidence of 14 per 100 child-weeks or 7.2 episodes per child per year. The median duration of ARI episodes was 11 days. The highest incidence of ARI was observed in children 6-23 months old. Boys had more respiratory tract illnesses than did girls; the presence of a cigarette smoker in the household was associated with higher morbidity. Acute lower respiratory tract illnesses (ALRI) were more common among younger infants 0-5 months old, with nutritional status having no apparent effect. Parental formal education and crowding in households were found to be directly related to the incidence of ALRI. In general, ARI morbidity interfered with appropriate physical growth.
在危地马拉城边缘地区生活的521名学龄前儿童中，对急性呼吸道感染（ARI）进行了为期两年的研究。在26329个儿童风险周期间共检测到3646例ARI发作，发病率为每100儿童周14例，即每名儿童每年7.2次发作。ARI发作的中位持续时间为11天。6至23个月大的儿童ARI发病率最高。男孩的呼吸道疾病比女孩多；家庭中有吸烟者与较高的发病率相关。急性下呼吸道疾病（ALRI）在0至5个月大的小婴儿中更为常见，营养状况没有明显影响。发现父母的正规教育程度和家庭拥挤程度与ALRI的发病率直接相关。总体而言，ARI发病率妨碍了儿童正常的身体发育。
