Tupasi T E, de Leon L E, Lupisan S, Torres C U, Leonor Z A, Sunico E S, Mangubat N V, Miguel C A, Medalla F, Tan S T
Tropical Disease Foundation, Makati Medical Center, Manila, Philippines.
Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Nov-Dec;12 Suppl 8:S940-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_8.s940.
The incidences of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) were 6.1 and 0.5 per child-year, respectively, in children less than 5 years old in a depressed urban community in Manila. The peak age-specific incidence occurred in those children 6-23 months old for ARI and 6-11 months old for ALRI. Age less than 2 years, malnutrition, household crowding, and parental smoking were associated with a statistically significant, though modest, increase in ARI morbidity. The crude mortality rate was 14.3 per 1,000 children 0-4 years old, with a corresponding ARI-specific mortality rate of 8.9 per 1,000. The prevalence of viral infection was 32.8 and that of bacteremic ALRI was 6.7 per 1,000 children with moderate ALRI. Respiratory syncytial virus was the predominant viral pathogen, while Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens. Transmission of respiratory pathogens in depressed communities, facilitated by inadequate housing, inaccessible health services, and prevalent malnutrition, will continue unless meaningful socioeconomic improvement is realized.
在马尼拉一个贫困的城市社区中，5岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）和急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）的发病率分别为每儿童年6.1例和0.5例。ARI的年龄特异性发病率高峰出现在6 - 23个月大的儿童中，而ALRI的年龄特异性发病率高峰出现在6 - 11个月大的儿童中。2岁以下、营养不良、家庭拥挤和父母吸烟与ARI发病率虽适度但具有统计学意义的增加相关。0 - 4岁儿童的粗死亡率为每1000人14.3例，相应的ARI特异性死亡率为每1000人8.9例。在患有中度ALRI的儿童中，病毒感染的患病率为每1000人32.8例，菌血症性ALRI的患病率为每1000人6.7例。呼吸道合胞病毒是主要的病毒病原体，而肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是最常分离出的细菌病原体。除非实现有意义的社会经济改善，否则在贫困社区中，由于住房不足、医疗服务难以获得和普遍营养不良而导致的呼吸道病原体传播将持续存在。
