University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Jun;26(3):315-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2012.03.004.
Coeliac disease (CD) is a gluten-responsive, chronic inflammatory enteropathy that shares many features with classical autoimmune diseases. Coeliac disease affects about 1-2% of Caucasians, North Africans and Asians who possess the necessary susceptibility genes encoding HLA DQ2 or HLA DQ8. It is not only unique among the autoimmune diseases in that the precise trigger (gluten from wheat, rye and barley) has been identified, but also in that it has lent itself well to advancements in endoscopic imaging. Since its introduction, flexible endoscopy has allowed tissue to be collected from the small bowel with relative ease and safety, and recently has facilitated direct imaging and sampling of the entire small intestine. It is now fifty years since the Crosby capsule first allowed clinicians the ability to non-surgically biopsy the small bowel leading to an enhanced diagnosis of coeliac disease. The introduction of wireless video capsule endoscopy (VCE), small bowel enteroscopy and in particular double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), have expedited the accurate diagnosis of coeliac disease and its more serious complications such as small bowel adenocarcinoma, refractory coeliac disease type II (RCDII) and enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL).
乳糜泻（CD）是一种麸质反应性、慢性炎症性肠病，与经典自身免疫性疾病有许多共同特征。乳糜泻影响约 1-2%的白种人、北非人和亚洲人，他们具有编码 HLA DQ2 或 HLA DQ8 的必要易感基因。它不仅是自身免疫性疾病中唯一明确的触发因素（来自小麦、黑麦和大麦的麸质），而且还非常适合内窥镜成像的进步。自引入以来，柔性内窥镜检查使人们能够相对轻松和安全地从小肠采集组织，最近还促进了整个小肠的直接成像和采样。自 Crosby 胶囊首次使临床医生能够非手术活检小肠以来，已经过去了五十年，从而提高了对乳糜泻的诊断。无线视频胶囊内镜（VCE）、小肠内检查术，特别是双气囊小肠镜（DBE）的引入，加速了乳糜泻及其更严重并发症（如小肠腺癌、难治性乳糜泻 II 型（RCDII）和肠病相关 T 细胞淋巴瘤（EATL）的准确诊断。
