Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Ministerio de Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad, Madrid, Spain.
Arch Bronconeumol. 2012 Oct;48(10):355-61. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2012.04.014. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Occupational asthma (OA) is the most common work-related disease in industrialized countries. In 2008, only 556 cases of OA had been diagnosed in Spain, which is quite far from even the most conservative estimates. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the number of asthma cases attributable to the work setting in Spain in 2008 as well as the related health care costs for the same year.
The number of cases of OA was calculated from estimates of attributable risk given by previous studies. The cost estimation focused on direct health-care costs and it was based both on data from the National Health System's (NHS) analytical accounting and from secondary sources.
The number of prevalent cases of work-related asthma in Spain during 2008 ranges between 168 713 and 204 705 cases based on symptomatic diagnosis, entailing an associated cost from 318.1 to 355.8 million Euros. These figures fall to a range between 82 635 and 100 264 cases when bronchial hyperreactivity is included as a diagnostic criterion, at a cost of 155.8-174.3 million Euros. Slightly more than 18 million Euros represent the health-care costs of those cases requiring specialized care.
Estimations of OA are very relevant to adequately prevent this disease. The treatment of OA, which involves a significant cost, is being financed by the NHS, although it should be covered by Social Security.
职业性哮喘（OA）是工业化国家最常见的与工作相关的疾病。2008 年，西班牙仅诊断出 556 例 OA，这与最保守的估计相去甚远。在这种情况下，本文旨在估计 2008 年西班牙与工作环境相关的哮喘病例数，以及同年的相关医疗保健费用。
OA 的病例数是根据先前研究中给出的归因风险估计数计算得出的。成本估计侧重于直接医疗保健成本，它既基于国家卫生系统（NHS）分析核算的数据，也基于二手来源的数据。
2008 年，西班牙与工作相关的哮喘现患病例数在 168713 至 204705 例之间，根据症状诊断，相关费用为 3.181 至 3.558 亿欧元。当将支气管高反应性纳入诊断标准时，这些数字降至 82635 至 100264 例之间，费用为 1.558 至 1.743 亿欧元。需要专门护理的病例的医疗保健费用略高于 1800 万欧元。
OA 的估计对于充分预防这种疾病非常重要。OA 的治疗费用很高，由 NHS 承担，但应由社会保障承担。
