Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Aug 15;432:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.076. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Ambient concentrations of PM(10) and associated major and trace elements were measured over the cold and the warm season of 2007 at two sites located in the Rhodes Island (Greece), in Eastern Mediterranean, aimed at source apportionment by Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor modeling. Source chemical profiles, necessary in CMB modeling, were obtained for a variety of emission sources that could possibly affect the study area, including sea spray, geological material, soot emissions from the nearby oil-fuelled thermal power plant, and other anthropogenic activities, such as vehicular traffic, residential oil combustion, wood burning, and uncontrolled open-air burning of agricultural biomass and municipal waste. Source apportionment of PM(10) and elemental components was carried out by employing an advanced CMB version, the Robotic Chemical Mass Balance model (RCMB). Vehicular emissions were found to be major PM(10) contributor accounting, on average, for 36.8% and 31.7% during the cold period, and for 40.9% and 39.2% in the warm period at the two sites, respectively. The second largest source of ambient PM(10), with minor seasonal variation, was secondary sulfates (mainly ammonium and calcium sulfates), with total average contribution around 16.5% and 18% at the two sites. Soil dust was also a remarkable source contributing around 22% in the warm period, whereas only around 10% in the cold season. Soot emitted from the thermal power plant was found to be negligible contributor to ambient PM(10) (<1%), however it appeared to appreciably contribute to the ambient V and Ni (11.3% and 5.1%, respectively) at one of the sites during the warm period, when electricity production is intensified. Trajectory analysis did not indicate any transport of Sahara dust; on the contrary, long range transport of soil dust from arid continental regions of Minor Asia and of biomass burning aerosol from the countries surrounding the Black Sea was considered possible.
在 2007 年的冷季和暖季，于希腊罗得岛（位于东地中海地区）的两个地点测量了 PM(10) 及其相关主要和痕量元素的环境浓度，目的是通过化学质量平衡（CMB）受体模型进行源分配。在 CMB 模型中需要源化学特征，为各种可能影响研究区域的排放源获得了这些特征，包括海水飞沫、地质材料、附近燃油热电厂的烟尘排放以及其他人为活动，如交通车辆、居民燃油燃烧、木材燃烧和未受控制的露天燃烧农业生物量和城市废物。通过使用高级 CMB 版本，即机器人化学质量平衡模型（RCMB），对 PM(10) 和元素成分进行了源分配。在两个地点，机动车排放分别平均占 PM(10) 的 36.8%和 31.7%，在冷季分别占 40.9%和 39.2%，是环境 PM(10) 的主要来源。第二个最大的环境 PM(10) 源，季节性变化较小，是二次硫酸盐（主要是铵盐和钙盐），在两个地点的总平均贡献约为 16.5%和 18%。土壤尘也是一个显著的来源，在暖季贡献约 22%，而在冷季则约为 10%。热电厂排放的烟尘被认为对环境 PM(10) 的贡献可忽略不计（<1%），然而在暖季一个地点，当电力生产加剧时，它似乎对环境 V 和 Ni 的贡献明显（分别为 11.3%和 5.1%）。轨迹分析没有表明有撒哈拉尘埃的传输；相反，认为可能有来自小亚细亚干旱大陆地区的土壤尘和来自黑海周边国家的生物质燃烧气溶胶的远程传输。
