College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 15;408(20):4681-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.005. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM(2.5), PM(10) and TSP) were sampled synchronously during three monitoring campaigns from June 2007 to February 2008 at a coastal site in TEDA of Tianjin, China. Chemical compositions including 19 elements, 6 water-solubility ions, organic and elemental carbon were determined. principle components analysis (PCA) and chemical mass balance modeling (CMB) were applied to determine the PM sources and their contributions with the assistance of NSS SO(4)(2)(-), the mass ratios of NO(3)(-) to SO(4)(2)(-) and OC to EC. Air mass backward trajectory model was compared with source apportionment results to evaluate the origin of PM. Results showed that NSS SO(4)(2)(-) values for PM(2.5) were 2147.38, 1701.26 and 239.80 ng/m(3) in summer, autumn and winter, reflecting the influence of sources from local emissions. Most of it was below zero in summer for PM(10) indicating the influence of sea salt. The ratios of NO(3)(-) to SO(4)(2)(-) was 0.19 for PM(2.5), 0.18 for PM(10) and 0.19 for TSP in winter indicating high amounts of coal consumed for heating purpose. Higher OC/EC values (mostly larger than 2.5) demonstrated that secondary organic aerosol was abundant at this site. The major sources were construction activities, road dust, vehicle emissions, marine aerosol, metal manufacturing, secondary sulfate aerosols, soil dust, biomass burning, some pharmaceutics industries and fuel-oil combustion according to PCA. Coal combustion, marine aerosol, vehicular emission and soil dust explained 5-31%, 1-13%, 13-44% and 3-46% for PM(2.5), PM(10) and TSP, respectively. Backward trajectory analysis showed air parcels originating from sea accounted for 39% in summer, while in autumn and winter the air parcels were mainly related to continental origin.
于 2007 年 6 月至 2008 年 2 月在天津泰达的一个沿海监测点同步采集大气颗粒物（PM2.5、PM10 和 TSP）样本。测定了包括 19 种元素、6 种水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳在内的化学组成。利用非盐水溶性 SO42-、NO3-与 SO42-的质量比和 OC 与 EC 的比值，采用主成分分析（PCA）和化学质量平衡模型（CMB）确定 PM 源及其贡献。利用空气团后向轨迹模型与源分配结果进行比较，以评估 PM 的来源。结果表明，夏季、秋季和冬季 PM2.5 中 NSS SO42-的浓度分别为 2147.38、1701.26 和 239.80ng/m3，反映了本地排放源的影响。PM10 中夏季的 NSS SO42-值多为负值，表明了海盐的影响。冬季 PM2.5、PM10 和 TSP 中 NO3-与 SO42-的比值分别为 0.19、0.18 和 0.19，表明大量燃煤用于取暖。较高的 OC/EC 值（大多大于 2.5）表明该地区富含二次有机气溶胶。根据 PCA 结果，主要来源为建筑活动、道路扬尘、车辆排放、海洋气溶胶、金属制造、二次硫酸盐气溶胶、土壤扬尘、生物质燃烧、一些制药工业和燃油燃烧。燃煤、海洋气溶胶、车辆排放和土壤扬尘分别解释了 PM2.5、PM10 和 TSP 中 5-31%、1-13%、13-44%和 3-46%的来源。后向轨迹分析表明，夏季来自海洋的气团占 39%，而在秋季和冬季，气团主要与大陆源有关。
