Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Room C312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2012 Dec;31(3-4):569-78. doi: 10.1007/s10555-012-9372-x.
Bone is one of the most frequent sites of metastasis in patients with malignancies. Up to 90 % of patients with multiple myeloma, and 60 % to 75 % patients with prostate cancer and breast cancer develop bone metastasis at the later stages of their diseases. Bone metastases are responsible for tremendous morbidity in patients with cancer, including severe bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord and nerve compression syndromes, life-threatening hypercalcemia, and increased mortality. Multiple factors produced by tumor cells or produced by the bone marrow microenvironment in response to tumor cells play important roles in activation of osteoclastic bone resorption and modulation of osteoblastic activity in patients with bone metastasis. In this chapter, we will review the genes that play important roles in bone destruction, tumor growth, and osteoblast activity in bone metastasis and discuss the potential therapies targeting the products of these genes to block both bone destruction and tumor growth.
骨骼是恶性肿瘤患者发生转移的最常见部位之一。多达 90%的多发性骨髓瘤患者，以及 60%至 75%的前列腺癌和乳腺癌患者，在疾病的晚期会发生骨转移。骨转移会导致癌症患者出现严重的发病率，包括严重的骨痛、病理性骨折、脊髓和神经压迫综合征、危及生命的高钙血症和死亡率增加。肿瘤细胞产生的多种因素或骨髓微环境对肿瘤细胞产生的反应，在激活破骨细胞的骨吸收和调节骨转移患者的成骨细胞活性方面发挥重要作用。在本章中，我们将回顾在骨破坏、肿瘤生长和骨转移中成骨细胞活性中发挥重要作用的基因，并讨论针对这些基因产物的潜在治疗方法，以阻断骨破坏和肿瘤生长。
