Chojecka Agnieszka, Jakubiec Katarzyna, Jakimiak Bozenna, Röhm-Rodowald Ewa, Kanclerski Krzysztof
Zakład Zwalczania Skazeń Biologicznych Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego--Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2012;66(1):39-44.
Efflux phenomenon induced by the presence of efflux pumps is one of the bacterial resistance mechanisms against active substances ofbiocides. Proteins and protein systems create efflux pumps, which are connected with the cell envelope structure ofbacteria. The efflux pump's function is transportation of active substances of disinfectants outside the bacterial cell. The biocides active substances rinsed out of bacterial cell by efflux were described for quaternary ammonium compounds, biguanides, phenols and diamidine. Bacterial resistance induced by efflux was not confirmed in the presence of such active substances like: alcohols, aldehydes, peroxides and chlorine compounds and their derivates. Bacterial resistance to active substance ofbiocides can be caused by two or more resistance mechanisms i.e. efflux mechanisms and reduce diffusion. The cooperation of resistance mechanisms to biocides can result difficulties in pathogenic bacteria eradication. The spread of these bacteria can be an epidemic threat.
外排泵的存在所引发的外排现象是细菌对抗微生物活性物质的耐药机制之一。蛋白质和蛋白质系统构成了外排泵，其与细菌的细胞膜结构相关联。外排泵的功能是将消毒剂的活性物质转运至细菌细胞外。季铵化合物、双胍类、酚类和二脒类等物质通过外排作用从细菌细胞中冲洗出的消毒剂活性物质已被描述。在醇类、醛类、过氧化物、含氯化合物及其衍生物等活性物质存在的情况下，尚未证实外排所诱导的细菌耐药性。细菌对微生物活性物质的耐药性可能由两种或更多种耐药机制引起，即外排机制和扩散减少。耐药机制对微生物的协同作用可能导致根除病原菌困难。这些细菌的传播可能构成流行威胁。
