Munakata Yuko, Snyder Hannah R, Chatham Christopher H
University of Colorado Boulder.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012 Apr;21(2):71-77. doi: 10.1177/0963721412436807.
The ability to flexibly break out of routine behaviors develops gradually and is essential for success in life. We discuss three key developmental transitions toward more flexible behavior. First, children develop an increasing ability to overcome habits by engaging cognitive control in response to environmental signals. Second, children shift from recruiting cognitive control reactively, as needed in the moment, to recruiting cognitive control proactively, in preparation for needing it. Third, children shift from relying on environmental signals for engaging cognitive control to becoming more self-directed. All three transitions can be understood in terms of the development of increasingly active and abstract goal representations in prefrontal cortex.
灵活突破常规行为的能力是逐渐发展起来的，对人生成功至关重要。我们讨论了向更灵活行为发展的三个关键转变。第一，儿童通过响应环境信号运用认知控制，克服习惯的能力不断增强。第二，儿童从当下按需被动运用认知控制，转变为主动运用认知控制，为需要时做准备。第三，儿童从依靠环境信号来运用认知控制，转变为更加自我导向。这三个转变都可以从前额叶皮质中日益活跃和抽象的目标表征的发展角度来理解。
