Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thung-Kru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Aug;167(8):2357-68. doi: 10.1007/s12010-012-9760-2. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Sponge-associated bacteria have been found to produce a variety of bioactive compounds including natural pigments. Here, we report the molecular identification of zeaxanthin-producing sponge-associated bacteria isolated from sponges in the Gulf of Thailand and the effect of environmental factors on zeaxanthin production from a bacterium. Three colorful sponge-associated bacteria (CHOB06-6, KODA19-6, and MAKB08-4) were identified based on the 16S rDNA profile. The 16S rDNA sequence-based analyses revealed that CHOB 06-6 and MAKB 08-4 were the closest relatives to Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae FA2(T), and KODA19-6 was a relative of Shingomonas (Blastomonas) natatoria DSM 3183(T). After all bacteria were cultivated in a modified Zobell medium, S. natatoria KODA19-6 was found to produce the highest zeaxanthin at 0.62 mg/l. pH and temperature considerably affected its zeaxanthin production. Its optimal condition for zeaxanthin production was found at a pH of 7 and 30 °C. The bacterium had a maximum specific growth rate (μ(max)) of 0.06 1/h with zeaxanthin productivity (Q(p)) of 6.27 μg/l·h. Therefore, this newly zeaxanthin-producing bacterium has a potential to produce natural zeaxanthin for the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
海绵共生细菌被发现能产生多种生物活性化合物，包括天然色素。在这里，我们报告了从泰国湾海绵中分离出的产叶黄素海绵共生细菌的分子鉴定，以及环境因素对一种细菌产生叶黄素的影响。根据 16S rDNA 图谱，从三种颜色的海绵共生细菌（CHOB06-6、KODA19-6 和 MAKB08-4）中鉴定出。基于 16S rDNA 序列的分析表明，CHOB06-6 和 MAKB08-4 与 Phyllosphaerae FA2(T) 的 Sphingomonas 最接近，而 KODA19-6 则与 Shingomonas（Blastomonas）natatoria DSM 3183(T) 有关。在改良的 Zobell 培养基中培养所有细菌后，发现 Shingomonas natatoria KODA19-6 能产生最高浓度为 0.62mg/L 的叶黄素。pH 值和温度对其叶黄素的产生有很大影响。其最佳产叶黄素条件为 pH7 和 30°C。该菌的最大比生长速率（μ（max））为 0.061/h，叶黄素生产率（Q（p））为 6.27μg/L·h。因此，这种新的产叶黄素细菌具有为食品、饲料、制药和化妆品行业生产天然叶黄素的潜力。
