Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS-IRD-UM2, CC65, Université de Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
Parasitology. 2012 Dec;139(14):1966-74. doi: 10.1017/S0031182012000662. Epub 2012 May 1.
Phylogeography of parasites and microbes is a recent field. Phylogeographic studies have been performed mostly to test three major hypotheses that are not mutually exclusive on the origins and distributions of human parasites and microbes: (1) the "out of Africa" pattern where parasites are supposed to have followed the dispersal and expansion of modern humans in and out of Africa, (2) the "domestication" pattern where parasites were captured in the domestication centres and dispersed through them and (3) the "globalization" pattern, in relation to historical and more recent trade routes. With some exceptions, such studies of human protozoans, helminths and ectoparasites are quite limited. The conclusion emphasizes the need to acquire more phylogeographic data in non-Occidental countries, and particularly in Asia where all the animal domestications took place.
寄生虫和微生物的系统地理学是一个相对较新的领域。系统地理学研究主要是为了检验三个并非互斥的关于人类寄生虫和微生物起源和分布的主要假说：（1）“走出非洲”模式，即寄生虫应该随着现代人在非洲内外的扩散和扩张而扩散；（2）“驯化”模式，即寄生虫在驯化中心被捕获，并通过它们传播；（3）“全球化”模式，与历史和更近的贸易路线有关。除了一些例外，对人类原生动物、蠕虫和外寄生虫的此类研究相当有限。该结论强调需要在非西方国家，特别是在亚洲（所有动物驯化都发生在亚洲）获得更多的系统地理学数据。
