Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Nishi 10, Kita 21, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
Nanoscale. 2012 Jul 21;4(14):4027-37. doi: 10.1039/c2nr30900a. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Bare metal clusters with fewer than ∼100 atoms exhibit intrinsically unique and size-specific properties, making them promising functional units or building blocks for novel materials. To utilize such clusters in functional materials, they need to be stabilized against coalescence by employing organic ligands, polymers, and solid materials. To realize rational development of cluster-based materials, it is essential to clarify how the stability and nature of clusters are modified by interactions with stabilizers by characterizing isolated clusters. The next stage is to design on-demand function by intentionally controlling the structural parameters of cluster-based materials; such parameters include the size, composition, and atomic arrangement of clusters and the interfacial structure between clusters and stabilizers. This review summarizes the current state of the art of isolation of gold clusters stabilized in various environments and surveys ongoing efforts to precisely control the structural parameters with atomic level accuracy.
金属原子簇中原子数量少于约 100 的具有独特的内在特性和特定的尺寸特性，这使得它们成为新型材料有前途的功能单元或构建块。为了在功能材料中利用这些原子簇，需要通过使用有机配体、聚合物和固体材料来稳定它们，以防止它们聚集。为了实现基于原子簇材料的合理发展，必须通过对孤立原子簇进行表征，来澄清原子簇与稳定剂之间的相互作用如何改变原子簇的稳定性和性质。下一阶段是通过有意控制基于原子簇的材料的结构参数来设计按需功能；这些参数包括原子簇的大小、组成、原子排列以及原子簇和稳定剂之间的界面结构。本综述总结了各种环境中稳定的金原子簇的分离现状，并调查了目前用原子级精度精确控制结构参数的努力。
