U848; Villejuif, France; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France.
Oncoimmunology. 2012 Mar 1;1(2):179-188. doi: 10.4161/onci.1.2.19026.
The long-established notion that apoptosis would be immunologically silent, and hence it would go unnoticed by the immune system, if not tolerogenic, and hence it would actively suppress immune responses, has recently been revisited. In some instances, indeed, cancer cells undergo apoptosis while emitting a spatiotemporally-defined combination of signals that renders them capable of eliciting a long-term protective antitumor immune response. Importantly, only a few anticancer agents can stimulate such an immunogenic cell death. These include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin, which are currently approved by FDA for the treatment of multiple hematologic and solid malignancies, as well as mitoxantrone, which is being used in cancer therapy and against multiple sclerosis. In this Trial Watch, we will review and discuss the progress of recent (initiated after January 2008) clinical trials evaluating the off-label use of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin and mitoxantrone.
长期以来，人们一直认为细胞凋亡是免疫沉默的，如果不是耐受原性的，那么它就不会被免疫系统察觉，因此它会积极抑制免疫反应。最近，这种观点已经被重新审视。事实上，在某些情况下，癌细胞在凋亡时会发出时空限定的信号组合，使它们能够引发长期的抗肿瘤免疫反应。重要的是，只有少数几种抗癌药物能够刺激这种免疫原性细胞死亡。这些药物包括环磷酰胺、多柔比星和奥沙利铂，它们目前已被 FDA 批准用于治疗多种血液系统和实体恶性肿瘤，以及米托蒽醌，它被用于癌症治疗和多发性硬化症的治疗。在本期《临床试验观察》中，我们将回顾和讨论评估环磷酰胺、多柔比星、奥沙利铂和米托蒽醌的非适应证用途的最新（自 2008 年 1 月后启动）临床试验的进展。
