Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, IPBeja, Rua de Pedro Soares, Apartado 158-7801-902, Beja, Portugal.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Nov 15;110:48-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Cheese whey is simultaneously an effluent with nutritional value and a strong organic and saline content. Cheese whey management has been focused in the development of biological treatments without valorization; biological treatments with valorization; physicochemical treatments and direct land application. In the first case, aerobic digestion is reported. In the second case, six main processes are described in the literature: anaerobic digestion, lactose hydrolysis, fermentation to ethanol, hydrogen or lactic acid and direct production of electricity through microbial fuel cells. Thermal and isoelectric precipitation, thermocalcic precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, acid precipitation, electrochemical and membrane technologies have been considered as possible and attractive physicochemical processes to valorize or treat cheese whey. The direct land application is a common and longstanding practice, although some precautions are required. In this review, these different solutions are analyzed. The paper describes the main reactors used, the influence of the main operating variables, the microorganisms or reagents employed and the characterizations of the final effluent principally in terms of chemical oxygen demand. In addition, the experimental conditions and the main results reported in the literature are compiled. Finally, the comparison between the different treatment alternatives and the presentation of potential treatment lines are postulated.
乳清既是一种具有营养价值且有机物和盐含量高的废水。乳清管理的重点在于开发无增值的生物处理方法；具有增值的生物处理方法；物理化学处理方法和直接土地应用。在前一种情况下，报道了好氧消化。在后一种情况下，文献中描述了六个主要工艺：厌氧消化、乳糖水解、发酵生产乙醇、氢气或乳酸以及通过微生物燃料电池直接生产电力。热和等电沉淀、热钙沉淀、混凝/絮凝、酸沉淀、电化学和膜技术已被认为是有价值或处理乳清的有吸引力的物理化学过程。直接土地应用是一种常见且长期存在的做法，尽管需要采取一些预防措施。在这篇综述中，分析了这些不同的解决方案。本文描述了主要使用的反应器、主要操作变量的影响、所使用的微生物或试剂以及最终流出物的特性，主要从化学需氧量方面进行了描述。此外，还编译了文献中报道的实验条件和主要结果。最后，提出了不同处理方法的比较以及潜在处理路线的介绍。
