Goal or near miss! Movement potential differences between adults and children in skilled performance.

In this study, the performances and the movement-related brain macropotentials of a group of adults and 10-year-old children were analyzed to test whether and how they were correlated to the success or failure in the performance. Bereitschaftspotential (BP), motor cortex potential (MCP) and skilled performance positivity (SPP) related to preparation, execution and evaluation of performance respectively showed a significant relationship to the performance outcome. The BP area in the left precentral decreased significantly with increasing performance time. The amplitude of the MCP was maximum during target performances and decreased with increasing range of error of performance. There was a difference in trend between adults and children in the SPP latency. During target performances, SPP latency in Pz was maximum in children and minimum in adults. In children, the SPP amplitude was greater in frontal and precentral areas during target performance and decreased with increasing inaccuracy of performance. This trend was not evident in adults. The results seem to indicate that the SPP latency does not seem to depend on the performance time but on the evaluation of information conveyed by the stimulus. How this evaluation takes place seems to be different in children and adults; this evaluation process is also reflected in the SPP amplitude of children during target performances. For the adults who have already developed formal thinking, the probability that any outcome is possible exists and so the significant relationship between SPP amplitude and performance is not seen.