Bassi B, Ramat C, Rigardetto R, Maspoli M, Vellar G
Section of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Sciences University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Minerva Pediatr. 2012 Aug;64(4):401-12.
The aim of the study is to analyse the comorbidity of learning disabilities (LD), its variation relating to the age of the children and to interpret the possible meaning of these data.
All patients in age of compulsory education (aged 5-16) diagnosed as LD in Piedmont, registered in the Regional Informative System NPI.net, in the years 2006-2007-2008, were considered. The cases were divided in two age ranges: from 5 to 11 years the first one, from 12 to 16 years the second one. The cases were further subdivided according to comorbidity with 5 diagnostic categories, identifying: Pure LD; 2) LD + psychiatric disorders; 3) LD + psycho-developmental risk; 4) LD + not psychiatric disease; 5) LD + borderline intellectual functioning and mental retardation. The average values computed for each group of comorbidity in the three years for the two age ranges were statistically compared.
A major number of LD was observed in the age range 12-16; here LD is more often associated to psychiatric disorders and psycho-developmental risk. LD is more often pure from 5 to11 years.
LD may be an inducing factor for psychiatric pathologies and situations of psychodevelopmental risk. However the major amount of LD in the age range 12-16 may be due to the rising of psycho-developmental risk factors and of social-environmental disadvantage; so these data may underline a form of "adolescence uneasiness", evident in school, in patients without major neurologic, psychiatric and cognitive disorders. The available data collection system facilitated this study.
本研究旨在分析学习障碍（LD）的共病情况，及其与儿童年龄相关的变化，并解读这些数据的可能意义。
纳入2006 - 2007 - 2008年在皮埃蒙特被诊断为LD、在地区信息系统NPI.net注册的所有义务教育年龄（5 - 16岁）的患者。病例分为两个年龄范围：第一个是5至11岁，第二个是12至16岁。病例进一步根据与5种诊断类别的共病情况细分，确定为：1）单纯LD；2）LD + 精神障碍；3）LD + 心理发育风险；4）LD + 非精神疾病；5）LD + 边缘智力功能和智力迟钝。对两个年龄范围在三年中每组共病情况计算的平均值进行统计学比较。
在12 - 16岁年龄范围观察到更多的LD病例；在此年龄段，LD更常与精神障碍和心理发育风险相关。在5至11岁，LD更常为单纯型。
LD可能是精神疾病和心理发育风险状况的诱发因素。然而，12 - 16岁年龄范围LD病例较多可能是由于心理发育风险因素和社会环境不利因素增加；因此，这些数据可能突显了一种“青春期不安”形式，在学校中明显存在于无重大神经、精神和认知障碍的患者中。现有的数据收集系统为这项研究提供了便利。
