North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1912, USA.
J Agromedicine. 2012;17(3):300-15. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2012.688467.
Pesticides are used in most homes, businesses, and farms to control a variety of pests, including insects, weeds, fungi, rodents, and even microbial organisms. Inappropriate use of pesticides can lead to adverse effects to humans and the environment. This study provides updated information on the magnitude of adverse pesticide exposures in the United States. Data on pesticide exposure were obtained from calls to poison control centers (PCCs) reported by the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Estimates of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and health care costs were reported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and deaths from pesticide poisonings reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER (Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research). An average of 23 deaths occur each year with pesticides as the underlying cause of death, most due to suicidal ingestions. An average of 130,136 calls to poison control centers were reported from 2006 to 2010, with an average of 20,116 cases (17.8%) treated in health care facilities annually. AHQR reported an annual average of 7385 emergency room visits during 2006 to 2008, and 1419 annual hospitalizations during 2005 to 2009. Excluding cost from lost work time, hospital physician fees, and pesticide-induced cancers, the annual national cost associated with pesticide exposures was estimated as nearly $200 million USD based on data from emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and for deaths. Pesticide exposures remain a significant public health issue. Health care providers, cooperative extension agents, and pesticide manufactures can help prevent exposures by increasing education of parents and workers, encourage use of less toxic agents, and encourage the practice of integrated pest management.
农药在大多数家庭、企业和农场中被用于控制各种害虫，包括昆虫、杂草、真菌、啮齿动物，甚至微生物。农药使用不当会对人类和环境造成不良影响。本研究提供了美国农药接触不良影响的最新信息。农药接触数据来自美国毒物控制中心协会报告的毒物控制中心（PCC）的电话。医疗机构质量局（AHRQ）报告了急诊就诊、住院和医疗费用的估计数，疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）WONDER（广泛在线流行病学研究数据）报告了农药中毒的死亡人数。每年平均有 23 人因农药作为根本死因死亡，其中大多数是自杀性摄入。2006 年至 2010 年期间，平均每年向毒物控制中心报告 130136 次电话，每年有 20116 例（17.8%）在医疗机构接受治疗。AHQR 报告称，2006 年至 2008 年期间，每年平均有 7385 次急诊就诊，2005 年至 2009 年期间，每年有 1419 例住院。不包括因失去工作时间、医院医生费用和农药引起的癌症而造成的成本，根据急诊就诊、住院和死亡数据，每年与农药接触相关的全国费用估计为近 2 亿美元。农药接触仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。医疗保健提供者、合作推广代理和农药制造商可以通过增加对父母和工人的教育、鼓励使用毒性较小的药剂以及鼓励采用综合虫害管理来帮助预防接触。
