Pretorius Sandra, Sliwa Karen, Ruf Verena, Walker Karen, Stewart Simon
Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012 Jun;23(5):245-51. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2011-021.
To describe dietary habits and potential nutritional deficiencies in black African patients diagnosed with heart failure (HF).
Dietary intake in 50 consecutively consenting HF patients (mean age: 47 ± 18 years, 54% female) attending a major hospital in Soweto, South Africa were surveyed using validated quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Food intakes, translated into nutrient data were compared with recommended values. In women, food choices likely to negatively impact on heart health included added sugar [consumed by 75%: median daily intake (interquartile range) 16 g (10-20)], sweet drinks [54%: 310 ml (85-400)] and salted snacks [61%: 15 g (2-17)]. Corresponding figures for men were added sugar [74%: 15 g (10-15)], sweet drinks [65%: 439 ml (71-670)] and salted snacks [74%: 15 g (4-22)]. The womens' intake of calcium, vitamin C and vitamin E was only 66, 37 and 40% of the age-specific requirement, respectively. For men, equivalent figures were 66, 87 and 67%. Mean sodium intake was 2 372 g/day for men and 1 972 g/day for women, 470 and 294% respectively, of recommended consumption levels.
The nutritional status of black African patients with HF could be improved by recommending healthier food choices and by reducing the intake of sweet drinks and excess salt.
描述被诊断为心力衰竭（HF）的非洲黑人患者的饮食习惯及潜在的营养缺乏情况。
采用经过验证的定量食物频率问卷，对南非索韦托一家大型医院的50例连续同意参与研究的HF患者（平均年龄：47±18岁，54%为女性）的饮食摄入情况进行了调查。将食物摄入量转化为营养数据，并与推荐值进行比较。在女性中，可能对心脏健康产生负面影响的食物选择包括添加糖[75%的人食用：每日摄入量中位数（四分位间距）为16克（10 - 20克）]、甜味饮料[54%的人饮用：310毫升（85 - 400毫升）]和咸味零食[61%的人食用：15克（2 - 17克）]。男性的相应数据为添加糖[74%的人食用：15克（10 - 15克）]、甜味饮料[65%的人饮用：439毫升（71 - 670毫升）]和咸味零食[74%的人食用：15克（4 - 22克）]。女性钙、维生素C和维生素E的摄入量分别仅为特定年龄需求的66%、37%和40%。男性的相应数据为66%、87%和67%。男性平均钠摄入量为2372毫克/天，女性为1972毫克/天，分别是推荐摄入量的470%和294%。
通过推荐更健康的食物选择以及减少甜味饮料和过量盐分的摄入，可以改善非洲黑人HF患者的营养状况。
